The Times excels in every department, mainly by employing experts in particular subjects. It is the only newspaper whose law reports are recognised by the courts as authentic, these reports being done day by day by skilled barrister reporters. Similarly The Times specialises in its presentation of foreign affairs and has maintained for nearly a century in the chief capitals of the world an able staff of foreign correspondents, of whom one of the most famous was de Blowitz, who among his many "scoops," secured for The Times the privilege of being able to publish ex clusively the text of the Berlin Treaty of 1878 on the very day that it was signed.
The principal adjuncts to The Times are the literary supplement, which surveys the whole field of new literature every Thursday, the weekly edition, first published in 1877, containing a summary of the week's news, The Times law reports (mentioned above), the educational supplement and the trade and engineering supplement, which are weekly publications, and the index, an invaluable record of the events of the day recorded in the newspaper, which is pub lished quarterly. In addition The Times issues at intervals hand some supplements to its readers without any extra charge.
The publishing department of The Times has invaded several new fields of enterprise. The Times Atlas was first published in 1895, and this publication was supplemented by that of The Times (previously Longmans') Gazetteer. A much larger and more im portant venture was the issue in 1898 of a reprint of the ninth edition of the Encyclopedia Britannica at less than half the original price, on a new system of terms (known as The Times system) that enabled the purchaser to receive the whole work at once and to pay for it by a series of equal monthly payments. This was followed by a similar sale of the Century Dictionary and of a reprint of the first 5o years of Punch; and 11 new vol umes of the Encyclopedia Britannica, supplementing the ninth edition, and forming with it the tenth edition, were issued by The Times in 1902 on similar terms (see ENCYCLOPAEDIA). There was also The Times History of the War in South Africa of 1899-1902.
another great national daily, first published as the Daily Telegraph and Courier, was published on June 29, 1855, as a twopenny newspaper. It was owned by Colonel Sleigh who transferred the ownership to Joseph Moses Levy in the following September. Levy produced it as the first penny newspaper in London, the name Courier being subsequently dropped. His son Edward Lawson (later the first Baron Burn ham, soon became editor, which post he continued to hold till 1885. A long list of distinguished members of the staff included Sir Edwin Arnold, George Augustus Sala, for many years the uncrowned king of Fleet St., Professor E. Dicey, Sir J. M. Le Sage, Bennet Burleigh, the war correspondent, J. L. Garvin, and H. D. Train; and among dramatic and literary critics Clem ent Scott and W. L. Courtney. Af ter 1890 the Hon. Harry Lawson, the eldest son of the owner (now Viscount Burnham), assisted in the general control. The Daily Telegraph became the especial organ of the middle classes and shortly before the advent of the halfpenny daily newspaper had achieved so remarkable a success that it could claim the largest circulation in the world.
It was consistently Liberal up to 1878 when it opposed Glad stone's foreign policy, and at the Irish Home Rule split in 1886 it became Unionist. Its enterprises included the financing of an important archaeological exploration in Nineveh resulting in the discovery of a number of fragments of the cuneiform narrative of the deluge, and the despatch, in co-operation with the New York Herald, of Sir H. M. Stanley, on a successful exploration into darkest Africa. The Daily Telegraph successfully weathered the World War, increasing its price to 2d. at which it (1929) re mains. On the death of Sir J. Le Sage a few years ago he was suc ceeded in the editorial chair by J. Miller, who died after a short tenure, his place being taken by A. E. Watson, the present (1929) editor. In December 1927 Lord Burnham and his family sold the Daily Telegraph to Sir William and Sir Gomer Berry and Sir Edward Iliffe under whose control it has continued its same policy.
is the oldest of London daily newspapers extant. It was founded in 1772 as the Morning Post and Daily Advertising Pamphlet, a paper of eight pages, 12 inches long by 8. It was mostly an advertising sheet including State lotteries, which were legal and popular at that time. It developed into a national newspaper under the ownership of Peter and Daniel Stuart after 1795, and attracted a wonderful galaxy of writers, including Sir James Mackintosh, Samuel Taylor Coleridge, Southey, Arthur Young, the poet Moore, Wordsworth, and Charles Lamb. It has always maintained a tradition of vigorous and un blenching criticism, and Nicholas Byrne, the editor-owner who succeeded Daniel Stuart, was murdered in his office as the result of an article which had given' offence. At the beginning of the 19th century the circulation was about 4,000 a day. In 1850 the paper came under the control of Peter Borthwick, who had sat for a long period as M.P. for Evesham, and on his death in 1852 he was succeeded by his son, Algernon, who had been a brilliant Paris correspondent for the Morning Post. Under his regime the paper settled down to a prolonged prosperity as a Conservative journal and before long became the leading society paper, whose fashionable characteristics often made it the butt of Thackeray's satirical pen. During Lord Palmerston's tenure of the Foreign Office the Morning Post was always regarded as his especial organ, and even in those early days it was distinguished for its robust imperialism in foreign affairs. In 1877 Borthwick became sole owner, and four years later he reduced the price from 3d. to id. at which it stood till the World War, when the price was raised to 2d. Borthwick became a knight, then a baronet, and was raised to the peerage as Lord Glenesk in 1895. When Lord Glenesk died in 1908 the ownership passed to his only surviving child, Countess Bathurst, who carried on the traditions of the paper (which was consistently Protectionist) until she disposed of it in 1923 to a group headed by the duke of Northumberland. Among the editors of the Morning Post have been Sir William Hardman, J. Nicol Dunn, Sir Fabian Ware, and H. A. Gwynne, the present (1929) editor. The price of the paper was reduced to id. in 1927.