PAVLOV, IVAN PETROVICH Russian physiologist, was born on Sept. 14 (old style), 1849, in the district of Ryazan in Russia, son of the village priest. He studied science at the university and then medicine at the military medical academy of St. Petersburg (Leningrad). He graduated as a doctor in 1883, and in 1884 was appointed privat-dozent in physiology, but he went for two years to Germany to work under Ludwig and Heidenhain. In 1890 Pavlov was appointed director of the physiological department of the institute of experimental medicine at St. Petersburg and in 1897 professor at the medical academy. In 1907 he was elected member of the Russian academy of sciences. He is famous for his research on the problems of digestion, and on cerebral activity and the theory of reflexes. His first achievements were on the physiology of blood circulation. He devised special methods of treating animals, which enabled him to make observations under normal conditions of the organism. His first papers appeared in 1878-79. From 1892-97 a series of papers on the physiology of digestion was published in the Archives des Sciences Biologiques. In 1897 a collected account was pub
lished in German and French, Die Arbeit der Verdauungsdrusen. (Eng. trans., The Work of the Digestive Glands, 1902.) For this important work he was awarded the Nobel prize in 1904. Most of his and his pupils' researches are published in Russian. In 1907 Pavlov was elected a foreign member of the Royal Society and in 1915 he was awarded the Copley medal. After the war, as director of the physiological laboratories in the Russian Academy of Medicine and the Institute of Experimental Medicine, he added to his fame. In 1928, on the occasion of the Harvey tercentenary, he was made an honorary fellow of the Royal College of Physi cians in London. Many of his lectures and treatises have been translated into English by Professor Anrep, of Cambridge. See M. Dontchef-Dezeuze, L'Image et les Reflexes Conditionnels dans les travaux de Pavlov (1914) and Conditioned Reflexes, an inves tigation of the physiological activities of the Cerebral Cortex (Oxford, 1927). He died Feb. 27, 1936.