The reasons for this hostility are to be found, from the medical point of view, in the fact that psychoanalysis lays stress upon psychical factors, and from the philosophical point of view, in its assuming as an underlying postulate the concent of unconscious mental activity ; but the strongest reason was undoubtedly the general disinclination of mankind to concede to the factor of sex uality such importance as i5 assigned to it by psychoanalysis. In spite of this widespread opposition, however, the movement in favour of psychoanalysis was not to be checked. Its adherents formed themselves into an International Association, which passed successfully through the ordeal of the World War, and at the present time comprises local groups in Vienna, Berlin, Buda pest, London, Switzerland, Holland, Moscow and Calcutta, as well as two in the United States. There are three journals repre senting the views of these societies: the Internationale Zeitschrift fur Psychoanalyse, Imago (which is concerned with the applica tion of psychoanalysis to non-medical fields of knowledge), and the International Journal of Psycho-Analysis.
During the years 1911-13 two former adherents, Alfred Adler, of Vienna, and C. G. Jung, of Zurich, seceded from the psycho analytic movement and founded schools of thought of their own.
In 1921 Dr. M. Eitingon founded in Berlin the first public psycho analytic clinic and training school, and this was soon followed by a second in Vienna. (See ABNORMAL PSYCHOLOGY.) BIBLIOGRAPHY.-Breuer and Freud, Studien fiber Hysterie (1895) ; Freud, Traumdeutung (1900) , Zur Psychopathologie des Alltagslebens (1904) , Drei Abhandlungen zur Sexualtheorie (1905) ; Vorlesungen zur Einfiihrung in die Psychoanalyse (1916). Freud's complete works have been published in Spanish (Obras completas) (1924) , and German (Gesammelte Schriften) (1925) ; the greater part of them has been translated into English and other languages. Short accounts of the subject-matter and history of psychoanalysis will be found in: Freud, Ueber Psychoanalyse (the lectures delivered at Worcester, U.S.A.) (1909) ; Zur Geschichte der psychoanalytischen Bewegung (1914) Selbstdarstellung (in Grote's collection Die Medizin der Gegenwart) Particularly accessible to English readers are: A. A. Brill, Psycho-Analysis (1922) ; E. Jones, Papers on Psycho-Analysis (1923) ; S. Ferenczi, Theory and Technique of Psychoanalysis (1927). (S. FR.)