Religious Revival
Revival, Religious, Is A Renewed Interest In Reli Gion, Coming, As A Rule, Of Ter A Period Of Indifference Or Decline. Revivalism And Evangelism Are Frequently Used As Identical Terms, But Evangelism Stands For A Certain Interpretation Of Christianity, Emphasizing The Objective Atonement Of Christ, The Necessity Of A New ...
Religious And Memorial Architecture
Religious And Memorial Architecture. The Earliest Religious Buildings Were Not So Much Congregational As Shelters For The Mysteries Or Provisions For The Rite, Sometimes Consisting Merely Of An Altar; And The Earliest Memorials Were A Stone Or A Mound. Even The Egyptian Temple, With Its Court Guarded By Pylons Or ...
Rembrandt Rembrandt Harmensvan
Rembrandt Rembrandt Harmens Van Rijn, Dutch Painter, Was Born In Leyden On July 15, 16o6. It Is Only Within The Past 5o Years That We Have Come To Know Any Thing Of His Real History. A Tissue Of Fables Formerly Represented Him As Ignorant, Boorish And Avaricious. These Fictions, Resting ...
Remiremont
Remiremont, A Town Of Eastern France, In The Depart Ment Of Vosges, 17 M. S.s.e. Of Epinal By Rail, On The Moselle, Below Its Confluence With The Moselotte. Pop. (1931) 8,312. Remiremont (romarici Mons) Is Named After St. Romaric, A Companion Of St. Columban Of Luxeuil, Who In The 7th ...
Remonstrants
Remonstrants, The Name Given To Those Dutch Protes Tants Who, After The Death Of Arminius (q.v.), Maintained The Views Associated With His Name, And In 1610 Presented To The States Of Holland And Friesland A "remonstrance" In Five Articles Formulating Their Points Of Departure From Stricter Calvinism. These Were: (i) ...
Renaissance Architecture
Renaissance Architecture. During The 15th, 16th And 17th Centuries The Structural And Decorative Elements Of Roman Architecture (q.v.), Revived After Long Disuse, Were Adapted To The Requirements Of Contemporary Buildings Throughout Europe. The Column And The Arch, The Dome And Groin Vault, The Arabesque And The Rinceau, Were Conventions From ...
Renaud De Montauban
Renaud De Montauban (rinaldo Di Montalbano), One Of The Most Famous Figures Of French And Italian Romance. His Story Was Attached To The Geste Of Doon Of Mayence By The 13th-century Trouvere Who Wrote The Chanson De Geste Of Renaus De Montauban, Better Known Perhaps As Les Quatre Fils Aymon. ...
Rendsburg
Rendsburg, A Town In The Prussian Province Of Schles Wig-holstein, Situated On The Eider And On The Kaiser Wilhelm Canal, 20 M. W. Of Kiel, On The Altona-flensburg Railway. Pop. (1933) 19,521. Rendsburg Came Into Existence Under The Shelter Of A Castle Founded By The Danes About The Year Iioo ...
Rene Antoine Ferchault De
Reaumur, Rene Antoine Ferchault De (1683-1757), French Scientist, Was Born On Feb. 28, 1683, At La Rochelle, Where He Received His Early Education. In 1703 He Came To Paris, Where He Continued The Study Of Mathematics And Physics, And In 1708 Was Elected A Member Of The Academie Des Sciences. ...
Renfrew
Renfrew, Royal, Municipal And Police Burgh And County Town Of Renfrewshire, Scotland, Near The Southern Bank Of The Clyde, 7 M. W. By N. Of Glasgow, Via Cardonald, By The L.m.s. Railway. A Small Part Of The Burgh Is In The Parish Of Govan, Lanarkshire. Pop. (1931) 14,986. Industries Include ...
Rennes
Rennes, A Town Of Western France, Formerly The Capital Of Brittany And Now The Chief Town Of The Department Of Ille-et Vilaine. Pop. 78,693. Rennes Is Situated At The Meeting Of The Ille And The Vilaine And At The Junction Of Several Lines Of Railway Connecting It With Paris (232 ...
Reno
Reno, The Largest City Of Nevada, U.s.a., And The County Seat Of Washoe County; On The Truckee River, 14 M. From The Western Boundary Of The State. It Is On Federal Highways 4o And 5o; Has A Municipal Airport Of 160 Ac. And Is A Station On The Transconti Nental ...
Rent
Rent. Various Species Of Rent Appear In Roman Law (q.v.). In English Law Rent Is A Certain And Periodical Payment Or Service Made Or Rendered By The Tenant Of A Corporeal Hereditament And Issuing Out Of (the Property Of) Such Hereditament. Its Character Istics, Therefore, Are (i) Certainty In Amount; ...
Rent In Economics
Rent: In Economics. In Economics, Rent Is The Name Given To The Income Which The Owner Of A Productive Instrument Gets By Using It Himself Or By Exacting A Payment From Another User. Much Of The Importance Of The General Theory Of Rent In Economics Comes From Its Application To ...
Replevin
Replevin, A Term In English Law Signifying The Recovery By A Person Of Goods Unlawfully Taken Out Of His Possession By Means Of A Special Form Of Legal Process ; This Falls Into Two Divisions—(1) The "replevy," The Steps Which The Owner Takes To Secure The Physical Possession Of The ...
Reporting
Reporting, The Business Of Reproducing, Mainly For News Papers, But Also For Such Publications As The Parliamentary Or Law Reports, The Words Of Speeches, Or Of Describing The Events In Contemporary History By Means Of The Notes Made By Persons Known Generally As Reporters. There Was No Systematic Report Ing ...
Repousse
Repousse (fr. "driven Back"), The Art Of Raising Designs Upon Metal By Hammering From The Back, While The "ground" Is Left Relatively Untouched. The Term Is Often Loosely Used, Being Applied Indifferently To "embossing." Embossing Is Also Called Repousse Sur Coquille And Estampage, But The Latter Consists Of Embossing By ...
Representation
Representation, A Term Used In Various Senses In Dif Ferent Connections, But Particularly In A Political Meaning, Which Has Developed Out Of The Others. The Word "represent" Comes From Lat. Re-praesentare, To "make Present Again," Or "bring Back Into Presence," And Its History In English May Be Traced Fairly Well ...
Reproduction
Reproduction. The General Term Reproduction In Cludes The Whole Sequence Of Processes Or Events By Which New Individuals Arise And Life Is Continued From Generation To Genera Tion. It Is Often And Rightly Said That The Major Activities Of Organisms Centre Round The Contrasted Functions Of Nutrition And Reproduction, Using ...
Reptiles
Reptiles (reptilia) Is The Name Given To A Class Of Verte Brates Which Hold A Position In The Animal Kingdom Intermediate Between The Amphibians And The Birds, And The Mammals. The Group Arose, Perhaps In Lower Carboniferous Times, From The Labyrinthodont Amphibia, And Was Already Varied At The End Of ...
Republic
Republic, A State In Which The Supreme Power Rests In The People, Or In Officers Elected By Them, To Whom The People Have Delegated Powers Sufficient To Enable Them To Perform The Duties Required Of Them. In The Small Republics Of Antiquity The People Usually Expressed Their Preferences Directly, But ...
Resaca De La Palma
Resaca De La Palma, A Battlefield Of The War Be Tween Mexico And The United States (1846-48), About 4 M. N. Of Brownsville, Texas. On The Morning Of May 9, 1846, Tie Day After The Battle Of Palo Alto, Which Had Been Indecisive, The United States' Troops Under Brig. Gen. ...
Reservoirs
Reservoirs. These May Be Divided Into Two Classes, "impounding Reservoirs" And "service Reservoirs," The Latter Being Concerned With The Distribution Of Water (see Water Supply). Impounding To The Fact That The Flow Of Streams And Rivers Varies Greatly Throughout The Year, It Is Necessary To Provide Works To Store Water ...
Resht
Resht, The Capital Of The Province Of Gilan In Persia, In N., And 36' E., On The Left Bank Of The Siah Rud Which Is A Branch Of The Safid Rud And Flows Into The Murdab Or Lagoon Of Pahlavi (enzeli). The Population In 1928 Exceeded 70,000, Chiefly Gilakis, With ...
Resonance Potentials
Resonance Potentials. We Are Brought To The Consideration Of Resonance Potentials, Which Are Also Called Crit Ical Potentials Or Excitation Potentials, By The Consideration Of The Passage Of An Electron Through A Gas. We Must First Premise That The Energy, And Consequently The Velocity, Of An Electron Is Usually Expressed ...
Respiration
Respiration. The Conception Of Life Is So Closely Bound Up With That Of Respiration That The Very Word "expiration" Has Come To Connote The Extinction Of Life, And "inspiration" Its Eleva Tion To A Super-human Level. Respiration Is A Process Common To All Forms Of Animal Life, The Reason For ...
Restaurant
Restaurant. This Term Was First Used For An Establish Ment Where Refreshments And Meals Were Provided By One Bou Langer, Or Champ D'oiseau, Who Opened The First Establishment Of The Kind In The Rue Des Poulies, Paris, About 1765. The Success Of The House Was Almost Instantaneous, And Brought Imitators, ...
Restraint
Restraint, In Law, A Restriction Or Limitation. The Word Is Used Primarily In Four Connections: Restraints On Alienation.—when Real Property Is Conveyed In Fee Simple, Restricting The Right Of The Grantee To Alienate It, Thereby Derogating From The Grant, It Was Considered By The Com Mon Law So Inimitable To ...
Restriction Of Enemy Supplies
Restriction Of Enemy Supplies Depart Ment, A Department Of The British Ministry Of Blockade Created In May, 1916. On The Outbreak Of The World War, The British Government Set Up An Advisory Committee, Known As The Restriction Of Enemy Supplies Committee, To Examine And Report Upon Blockade Matters. In Sept. ...
Retailing
Retailing Is That Part Of The Distributive Process That Is Concerned With The Selection, Purchase, Display And Sale At Retail Of Commodities To The Consumer. The Object Of Retailing Is To Obtain For A Given Community Appropriate Merchandise In Such Grades And In Such Quantities That It Will Give The ...
Retainer
Retainer, Properly The Act Of Retaining Or Keeping For Oneself, Or A Person Or Object Which Retains Or Keeps; Historically, A Follower Of A House Or Family, And Particularly Used Of Armed Followers Attached To The Barons Of The Middle Ages. Retainer Of Debt.—in Connection With The Administration Of An ...
Reunion
Reunion, Known Also By Its Former Name Bourbon, An Island And French Colony In The Indian Ocean, 400 M. S.e. Of Tamatave, Madagascar, And 13o S.w. Of Port Louis, Mauritius. It Is Elliptic In Form And Has An Area Of 97o Sq.m. It Lies Between 2o° And And 22' S. ...
Reunion In The Mission
Reunion In The Mission Field The Need For Union In The Mission Field Is Illustrated By The Negotiations Between The Episcopal Synod Of India And Ceylon And The South India United Church. The Latter Is A Union Of Christian Congregations Connected With The London Missionary Society And The American Board ...
Reuss
Reuss, The Name Of Two Former German Principalities (reuss Greiz And Reuss-schleiz-gera) Which Have Been, Since 1918, Amalgamated Into Thuringia (q.v.). Princes Of Reuss Traced Their Descent To Henry (d. About 1120), Who Was Appointed By The Emperor, Henry Iv., Imperial Bailiff (ger. Vogt, From Lat. Advocates Imperii) Of Gera ...
Reuter
Reuter (roi'ter) Fritz (1810-1874), German Novelist, Made Plattdeutsch A Literary Language. Born Nov. 7, 181o, At Stavenhagen, In Mecklenburg-schwerin, He Studied At Rostock And At Jena, Where He Was A Member Of The Political Students' Club, Or German Burschenschaft, And In 1833 Was Arrested In Ber Lin By The Prussian ...
Reuters
Reuters, The Principal British And International News Agency, Founded Over Eighty Years Ago By Baron Julius De Reuter, Who Established A System Of Offices And Correspondents Through Out The World. He Concentrated In London The News From These Correspondents And Then Redistributed It. In 1865 De Reuter Transferred His Business ...
Revelation And Theology
Revelation And Theology Belief In The Communication Of Truth To Man From A Divine Source Is Common In Religions. This Kind Of Communication Usu Ally Concerns The Future, And May Be Subject To A Process Of In Terpretation. Hence The Practices Of Divination, The Reading Of Omens And Auspices, And ...
Revelstoke
Revelstoke, Town, British Columbia, On The Columbia River And A Divisional Station On The Canadian Pacific Railway, 381 M. E. Of Vancouver. Pop. (1931) 2,736. It Is The Supply Centre For A Mining And Lumbering District, With Railway Shops. Reventlow, Christian Ditlev Frederick, Count (1748-1827), Danish Statesman And Reformer, Born ...
Reynard The Fox
Reynard The Fox, A Beast-epic, Current In French, Dutch And German Literature. The Cycle Of Animal Stories Col Lected Round The Names Of Reynard The Fox And Isengrim The Wolf In The I2th Century Seems To Have Arisen On The Borderland Of France And Flanders. The Tales, Like Those Of ...
Rhaeto Romance Languages
Rhaeto-romance Languages. The Rhetic, Or Rhaetic, Idioms Consist Of Several Patois Which Form Three Dis Tinct Groups Separated One From Another By Tracts Of Territory In Which German And Italian Are Spoken. They Represent The Latin Spoken In Raetia, Whither It Was First Brought By The Legions Of Tiberius And ...
Rhetoric
Rhetoric, The Art Of Using Language In Such A Way As To Produce A Desired Impression Upon The Hearer Or Reader. Rhetoric As An Art Was Taught In Greece By The Sophists (q.v.). The Power Of Eloquent Speech Is Recognized In The Earliest Greek Writings, But The Founder Of Rhetoric ...