Robert 1731 1795 Rogers
Rogers, Robert (1731-1795), American Frontier Sol Dier, Was Born At Methuen, Mass., And In 1739 Removed To Starktown (now Dunbarton), N.h. During The Seven Years' War He Raised And Commanded A Force Of Militia, Known As Rogers's Rangers, Which Won Wide Reputation For Its Courage And Endurance In The Campaigns ...
Robert Arthur Talbot Gas
Salisbury, Robert Arthur Talbot Gas Coyne-cecil, 3rd Marquis Of (1830-1903), British States Man, Second Son Of James, 2nd Marquis, By His First Wife, Frances Mary Gascoyne, Was Born At Hatfield On Feb. 3, 1830. Lord Robert Cecil, As He Then Was, Was Educated At Eton And Christ Church, Oxford. His ...
Robert Cecil Salisbury
Salisbury, Robert Cecil, 1st Earl Or (c. 1612), English Lord Treasurer, The Exact Year Of Whose Birth Is Unrecorded, Was The Youngest Son Of William Cecil, 1st Lord Burghley, And Of His Second Wife Mildred Cooke, Of Gidea Hall In Essex. He Was Educated In His Father's House And At ...
Robert Guiscard
Robert Guiscard "the Resourceful] (c. 1015 Io85), The Most Remarkable Of The Norman Adventurers Who Con Quered Southern Italy. From 1016 To 1030 The Normans Served Either Greeks Or Lombards As Mercenaries, And Then Sergius Of Naples, By Installing The Leader Rainulf In The Fortress Of Aversa In 1030, Gave ...
Robert Ii
Robert Ii. (c. 970-1031), King Of France, Was A Son Of Hugh Capet, And Was Born At Orleans. He Was Educated At Reims Under Gerbert, Afterwards Pope Silvester Ii. As The Ideal Of Mediaeval Christianity He Won His Surname Of "pious" By His Humility And Charity, But He Also Possessed ...
Robert Ii 1316 1390
Robert Ii. (1316-1390), Called "the Steward," King Of Scotland, A Son Of Walter, The Steward Of Scotland (d. 1326), And Marjorie (d. 1316), Daughter Of King Robert The Bruce, Was Born On March 2, 1316. In 1318 The Scottish Parliament Decreed That If King Robert Died Without Sons The Crown ...
Robert Ii_2
Robert Ii. (c. 1054-1134), Called Robert Curthose, Was The Eldest Son Of William The Conquerer. Although Recognized In Boy Hood As His Father's Successor In Normandy, He Twice Revolted Against His Father. (see William I.) When The Conqueror Died In September 1087 Robert Became Duke Of Normandy, But Not King ...
Robert Of Gloucester
Robert Of Gloucester, English Chronicler, Is Known Only Through His Connection With The Work Which Bears His Name. This Is A Vernacular History Of England, From The Days Of The Legendary Brut To The Year 1270, And Is Written In Rhymed Couplets. The Lines Are Of 14 Syllables, With A ...
Robes
Robes, The Name Generally Given To A Class Of Official Costume, Especially As Worn By Certain Persons Or Classes On Occasions Of Particular Solemnity. The Word Robe Was Earliest Used, In The Sense Of A Garment, Of Those Given By Popes And Princes To The Members Of Their Household Or ...
Robin Hood
Robin Hood, English Leg Endary Hero. The Oldest Datable Mention Of Robin Hood At Present Known Occurs In The Second Edition Of Piers Plowman, The Date Of Which Is About 1377. In That Poem The Figure Of Sloth Is Represented As Saying— "i Can Nou3te Perfitly My Paternoster, As The ...
Robot
Robot. This Term Has Long Been In Use In Many Languages. It Is Derived From The Czech Word Robit (work). It Passed Into Popular Use After 1923 To Describe Either Mechanical Devices So Ingenious As To Be Almost Human, Or Workers Whom Mechanical And Repetitive Work Was Making Almost Into ...
Rochdale
Rochdale, Municipal, County And Parliamentary Borough, Lancashire, England, On The River Roch And The Rochdale Canal, M. N.e. From Manchester And 196 M. N.w. From London By L.m.s. Railway. Pop. (1931) 90,278. The Site Rises Sharply From The Roch, Near Its Confluence With The Spodden, And There Are Fine Views ...
Rochester
Rochester, A City And Municipal Borough Of Kent, Eng Land, On The River Medway, 33 M. E.s.e. Of London By The S.r. Pop. (1931) 31,196. Its Situation On The Roman Way From The Kentish Ports To London, As Well As At A Medway Crossing, Gave Rochester (durobrivae, Hrofescester Or Hrobicester, ...
Rochester
Rochester, A City Of North-western New York, U.s.a., 7o M. E.n.e. Of Buffalo, On The Genesee River, The State Barge Canal And Lake Ontario; A Port Of Entry And The County Seat Of Monroe County. It Has A Municipal Airport And Is Served By The Buffalo, Rochester And Pittsburgh, The ...
Rochester_2
Rochester, A City Of South-eastern Minnesota, U.s.a., On The Zumbro River, At An Altitude Of 1,180 Ft.; The County Seat Of Olmsted County And The Seat Of The Mayo Clinic. It Is On Federal Highways 14 And 55, And Is Served By The Chicago Great Western And The Chicago And ...
Rock Island
Rock Island, A City Of Western Illinois, U.s.a., On The Mississippi River, 180 M. W. By S. Of Chicago, Adjoining Moline And Opposite Davenport, Ia. ; The County Seat Of Rock Island County. It Is 2 M. Above The Mouth Of The Rock River And The Hennepin Canal (connecting The ...
Rockefeller Benefactions
Rockefeller Benefactions. When John D. Rockefeller Died In May, 1937, It Was Announced That He Had Given $530,853,632 For Various Philanthropic And Charitable Purposes— The Largest Group Of Charitable And Educational Gifts Ever Made. In This Distribution He Aimed At Stimulating Others To Give In Addition To Securing The Most ...
Rocket And Rocket Apparatus
Rocket And Rocket Apparatus. The Term Rocket Is Now Generally Applied To The Sky-rocket, Which Is Fully Described Under Fireworks. During The Great War Rockets Were Also Designed For Use Against Aircraft, But No Marked Success Attended The Use Of Any Of The Types Employed. ...
Rockford
Rockford, A City Of Northern Illinois, U.s.a., On The Rock River, 17 M. S. Of The Wisconsin Line And Midway Between The East And West Boundaries Of The State; The County Seat Of Winne Bago County. It Is On Federal Highways 20 And 51, Has A Municipal Airport, And Is ...
Rockhampton
Rockhampton, A Seaport On The East Coast Of Queens Land, Australia, Situated On Both Banks Of The Fitzroy River At The Head Of Ocean Navigation 35-40 M. From The Sea. The Fitzroy And Its Tributaries (dawson, Mackenzie, Etc. ; Max. Length 520 M.) Drain A Basin Of 50,000 Sq.m. Of ...
Rocroi
Rocroi, A Town Of Northern France, In The Department Of Ardennes, 22 M. N.n.w. Of Charleville By Rail, And Within 2 M. Of The Belgian Frontier. Pop. (1931) 914. The Place, Originally Called Croix-de-rau Or Rau Croix, Was Fortified In The 16th Cen Tury And Besieged By The Imperialists In ...
Rodentia
Rodentia, An Order Of Placental Mammals Characterised By Their Peculiar Front Or Incisor Teeth, Which Are Reduced To A Single Functional Chisel-like Pair In Each Jaw, Specially Adapted For Gnaw Ing, And Growing Throughout Life. Rodents May Be Characterised As Terrestrial, Or In Some Cases Arboreal Or Aquatic, Placental Mam ...
Rodeo
Rodeo, A Series Of Contests In Sports Associated With, Or I Suggested By The Routine Of The American Cowboy. It Is An Out Door Exhibition, Customarily Given Annually, And In Western Towns Supplanting The County Fair And Carnival Characteristic Of Agricul Tural Districts In The Middle West. A Rodeo, In ...
Rodez
Rodez, A Town Of Southern France, Capital Of The Department Of Aveyron, 51 M. N.n.e. Of Albi By Rail. Pop. (1931) 11,407. Rodez, Segodunum Under The Gauls, Ruthena Under The Romans, Was The Capital Of The Rutheni, A Tribe Allied To The Arverni, And Was Afterwards The Chief Town In ...
Rodriguez
Rodriguez (officially Rodrigues), An Island In The Indian Ocean In 19° 41' S., 63° 23' E.; A Dependency Of The British Colony Of Mauritius, From Which It Is 400 M. Distant. It Is A Station On The "all-british" Cable Route Between South Africa And Australia. With A Length From East ...
Roger
Roger (d. 1139), Bishop Of Salisbury, Was Originally Priest Of A Small Chapel Near Caen. The Future King Henry I., Who Happened To Hear Mass There One Day, Was Impressed By The Speed With Which Roger Read The Service, And Enrolled Him In His Own Service. Roger, Though Uneducated, Showed ...
Roger I 1031 1100
Roger I. (1031-1100, Ruler Of Sicily, Was The Youngest Son Of Tancred Of Hauteville. Arriving In Southern Italy Soon After 1057, He Shared With Robert Guiscard The Conquest Of Calabria, And In A Treaty Of 1062 The Brothers Apparently Made A Kind Of "condominium" By Which Each Was To Have ...
Roger Il 1093 1154
Roger Il (1093-1154), King Of Sicily, Son Of The Preceding, Began To Rule As Count In 1112, And From The First Aimed At Uniting The Whole Of The Norman Conquests In Italy. In 1127, Roger Claimed The Hauteville Possessions, And The Overlordship Of Capua, For Which Richard Ii. In 1o98 ...
Romain Rolland
Rolland, Romain (1866— ), French Man Of Let Ters, Was Born At Clamecy, Nievre, On Jan. 29, 1866. He Was Edu Cated At Clamecy, And Later In Paris, Where He Had A Distinguished Academic Career. From 1889-91 He Was A Member Of The French School In Rome, And In 1895 ...
Roman Architecture
Roman Architecture. Like The Rest Of Roman Civilization, Roman Architecture Is A Manifestation Of The Essen Tially Direct And Practical Roman Mind. It Is Concerned Not With The Search For Any Ideal Of Beauty But With The Solution Of Every Day Problems. Consequently While The Elements Of Roman Archi Tecture ...
Roman Army
Roman Army. In The Long Life Of The Ancient Roman Army, The Most Effective And Long-lived Military Institution Known To History, We May Distinguish Four Principal Stages. (i) In The Earliest Age Of Rome The Army Was A National Or Citizen Levy Such As We Find In The Beginnings Of ...
Roman Art
Roman Art. Modern Archaeology Has Fully Vindicated The Significance Of The Roman Output In The Field Of Art ; Yet The Romans Do Not, At The Outset, Present Themselves As Belonging To That Small Group Of Peoples Endowed, As It Were, With A Spontane Ous Capacity For Art, And The ...
Roman Catholic Church
Roman Catholic Church. The Word Church Ilas Etymologically Many Meanings. It Might Be Used Correctly Of Any Gathering Or Assembly, Secular Or Religious; Actually It Is Commonly Employed Either To Denote Those Who Are United In A Definite Religious Aim, Or To Signify The Building In Which They Come Together ...
Roman De La Rose
Roman De La Rose, A French Poem Of Which The First Part Was Written About 123o By Guillaume De Lorris (q.v.), And Which Was Completed About 4o Years Later By Jean De Meun (q.v.). Guillaume De Lorris Wrote An Allegory, Which Is An Artistic Presentment Of The Love Philosophy Of ...
Roman Dutch Law
Roman-dutch Law. The Term Roman-dutch Law Describes The System Of Law Which Existed In The Province Of Holland (see Holland) From The 15th To The 19th Centuries. This System, Introduced By The Dutch Into Their Colonies, Was Re Tained In Those Of Them Which Passed To The British Crown At ...
Roman Law
Roman Law. The Term "roman Law" Is One Of Some What Indefinite Meaning. It Denotes First Of All The Law Of The City Of Rome And Of The Roman Empire. This In Itself Is An Enormously Wide Subject, For It Includes, In The West, The Law In Force At Any ...
Roman Religion
Roman Religion. The Roman People Were In Origin A Small Community Of Agricultural Settlers, Which Gradually Won Its Way To The Headship First Of Latium, Then Of Italy And Finally Of A European Empire. Its Religion, Which Was Always Marked By An Absence Of Dogmatism And A Readiness To Adopt ...
Romance
Romance, Originally A Ccmposition Written In "romance" Language, I.e., In One Of The Phases On Which The Latin Tongue En Tered After Or During The Dark Ages. For Some Centuries By Far The Larger Number Of These Compositions Were Narrative Fictions In Prose Or Verse; And Since The Special "romance" ...
Romance Languages
Romance Languages. The Name Given To The Seven Groups Of Languages, Viz., Portuguese, Spanish, Provencal (in Cluding Catalan), French, Italian, The Rhaeto-romanic Idioms And Rumanian. They Are Called "romance" (from Post-classical Latin Romanice, Derived From Latin Romanus) Because Their Basis Is The Latin Which Was Spoken In The Imperium Romanum. ...
Romanesque Art
Romanesque Art. The Term Romanesque Is Used In ' Widely Varying Senses By Different Authorities. In General, It Denotes The Art And Culture Of Europe Exclusive Of The Eastern Empire And Russia, From The Time Of The Fall Of Rome (476) Down To The Development Of Gothic Art Which Occurred ...
Romanoff Dynasty
Romanoff Dynasty, The Rulers Of Russia From 1613 To 1917. The Last Direct Descendant Of The Earlier Dynasty Of Rurik, Tsar Theodor, Son Of Ivan (john) The Terrible, Died In 1598. After Him The Throne Was Occupied First By His Brother-in Law, Boris Godunov, Then By An Adventurer Claiming To ...