Among the other churches are S. Maria di Provenzano, a vast building of some elegance, designed by Schifardini (1594) Sant' Agostino, rebuilt by Vanvitelli in 1755, containing a Crucifixion and Saintes by Perugino, a Massacre of the Innocents by Matteo di Giovanni and the Coming of the Magi by Sodoma; the beautiful church of the Servites (15th century), which contains another Massacre of the Innocents by Matteo di Giovanni and other good examples of the Sienese school; San Francesco, recently restored, containing fine paintings by the two Lorenzetti and others, close to which is the 15th century oratory of S. Bernardino, with fine fres coes by Sodoma, Pacchia and Beccafumi (1518-32) and a good ceiling (1496) ; San Domenico, a fine 13th-century brick building with a single nave and transept, containing Sodoma's splendid fresco, the Swoon of St. Catherine, and a contemporary portrait of the saint in a fresco by Andrea di Vanni. This church crowns the Fontebranda hill above the famous fountain of that name im mortalized by Dante, and in a steep lane below stands the house of St. Catherine, now converted into a church and oratory, and maintained at the expense of the inhabitants of the Contrada dell' Oca. It contains some good works of art, but is chiefly visited for its historic interest. The Accademia di Belle Arti contains a good collection of pictures of the Sienese school, illustrating its develop ment.
The Palazzo Pubblico in the Piazza del Campo (1288-1309) built of brick, is a fine specimen of pointed Gothic, and was designed by Agostino and Agnolo. The light and elegant tower (Torre del Mangia) soaring from one side of the palace (1338-48) is 334 ft. high, and the chapel standing at its foot as a public thank-offering after the plague of 1348 was begun in 1352 and completed in 1376. The interior is lined with works of art. The two ground-floor halls contain a Coronation of the Virgin by Sano di Pietro and a splen did Resurrection by Sodoma. In the Sala dei Nove or della Pace above are the noble allegorical frescoes of Ambrogio Lorenzetti, representing the effects of just and unjust government; the Sala del Mappamondo is painted by Simone Martini and others, the Cappella della Signoria by Taddeo di Bartolo, and the Sala di Consistoro by Beccafumi. Another hall, the Sala di Balia, has fres coes by Spinello Aretino (1408) with scenes from the life of Pope Alexander III., while yet another has been painted by local artists with episodes in recent Italian history. The former hall of the grand council, built in 1327, was converted into the chief theatre of Siena by Riccio in 156o, and, after being twice burnt, was rebuilt in 1753 from Bibbiena's designs. Another Sienese theatre, that of the Rozzi, in Piazza San Pellegrino, designed by A. Doveri and
erected in 1816, although modern, has an historic interest as the work of an academy dating from the i6th century, called the Congrega de' Rozzi, that played an important part in the history of the Italian comic stage.
The city is adorned by many other noble edifices both public and private, among which the following palaces may be mentioned : Tolomei (1205) ; Buonsignori, an elegant mediaeval brick con struction ; the Palazzo del Capitano di Giustizia ; Sansedoni ; Mar sili ; Piccolomini, now belonging to the Government and contain ing State archives ; Saracini ; Piccolomini delle Papesse, like the other Piccolomini mansion, designed by Bernardo Rossellino, and now the Banca d'Italia ; the enormous block of the Monte de' Paschi, a bank of considerable wealth and antiquity, enlarged and partly rebuilt in the original style between 1877 and 1881; the old Dogana and Salimbeni palaces; the Palazzo Spannochi, a fine early Renaissance building by Giuliano da Maiano; the Loggia di Mercanzia (1417-28) imitating the Loggia dei Lanzi at Florence, with sculptures of the 15th century; the Loggia del Papa, erected by Pius II. ; and other fine buildings. We may also mention the two celebrated fountains, Fonte Gaia and Fontebranda ; the former in the Piazza del Campo, by Jacopo della Quercia (1409-19), but freely restored in 1868, the much-damaged original reliefs being now in the Opera del Duomo ; the Fonte Nuova, near Porta Ovile, by Camaino di Crescentino, also deserves notice (1298). Thanks to all these architectural treasures, the narrow Sienese streets with their many windings and steep ascents are full of picturesque charm, and, together with the collections of excellent paintings, foster the local pride of the inhabitants and preserve their taste and feeling for art. The mediaeval walls and gates are still in the main preserved. The ruined Cistercian abbey of S. Galgano, founded in with its fine church (124o-68) is interesting and imposing. It lies some 20 m. south-west of Siena.
A kind of marzipan, known as panforte, is a speciality of Siena, and ironwork and wood carving are still carried on.