STRZYGOWSKI, JOSEF (1862— ), Austrian scholar, was born at Bial, near Bielitz, on March 7, 1862. In 1892 he be came a professor at Graz, and in 1909 was appointed professor of art at the University of Vienna. He wrote numerous works on art, dealing especially with oriental influences on Western art (see BYZANTINE ART; ROMAN ART). His works include : Byzan tische Denkmdler, 1-3 (1891-93) ; Hellenistische and Koptische Kunst in Alexandria (1902), Koptische Kunst (1903) ; Die bildende Kunst der Gegenwart (1907) ; Ursprung der Christlichen Kirchenkunst (1920, Swedish and English trans.) ; and he edited Early North European Church Art and Wood Architecture (1925). STSHERBATSKY, FEDOR IPPOLITOVICH (1867 ), Russian orientalist, was born at St. Petersburg (Leningrad) on Sept. 19 (old style), 1867, of a family of old nobility. He was educated at Tsarskoye Selo, and studied philology at St. Peters
burg, Vienna and Bonn. In 1904 he became professor of Indian literature at St. Petersburg. The years I9I0--I I were spent in Brit ish India for scientific research. His knowledge of Tibetan lan guages and of Buddhism enabled him to enter into friendly rela tions with the leading Buddhist priests. He was invited to meet the Dalai Lhama, with whom he had several interviews without any interpreter. His thorough understanding of Buddhism makes his work, The Theory of Knowledge and Logic according to the Later Buddhists (1899), a most valuable book (German trans., 1924). He has published many Sanskrit mss. in the Bibliotheca Buddica of the Academy of Sciences. In 1923 the Royal Asiatic Society published his work, The Central Conception of Buddhism, and in 1926 was published The Conception of Nirvana.