SOUTH BEND, a city of northern Indiana, U.S.A., county seat of St. Joseph county; 86 m. E. by S. of Chicago, at the "south bend" of the St. Joseph river, where it turns northward to Lake Michigan. It is on Federal highways 20 and 31, and is served by the Grand Trunk, the Michigan Central, the New Jersey, In diana and Illinois, the New York Central, the Pennsylvania, and electric railways. Pop. (192o) 70,983 (19% foreign-born white) ; 104,193 in 193o by the Federal census. The city has an area of 16.58 sq.m., an altitude of 726 ft., and an assessed valuation (1927) of $190,781,410. It is surrounded by a farming, dairying and fruit-raising country, including the principal mint-growing district of the United States. The water-supply comes from 109 artesian wells. A hydro-electric plant on the river furnishes cur rent for the entire region. South Bend has 400 manufacturers pro ducing 625 different articles, including automobiles, four-wheel brakes, watches, fishing rods and artificial bait, toys, lathes, varnishes and paints. The total output for 1927 was valued at $126,881,650. Bank debits in 1926 aggregated $608,035,000. In
the old court house is the museum of the Northern Indiana His torical Society. Adjoining the city is the 1,200-ac. campus of the University of Notre Dame du Lac, founded in 1842 by members of the French religious community known as the Congregation of the Holy Cross (of which it is still the headquarters), now the largest Roman Catholic educational institution in the country, with an enrolment of about 2,60o. A mile to the west is St. Mary's College for women, conducted by sisters of the order. The site of South Bend was visited by Father Marquette and La Salle when it was occupied by a Miami village. A trading post for the American Fur Company was established in 182o. In 1831, when the population was 168, a town was laid out. It was incor porated in 1835 and chartered as a city in 1865. The population was 1,652 in 1850, and it has grown steadily and substantially in every decade since.