South Dakota

The years 1910-12 and 1931-34 were unusually dry, and land values, inflated during the war, have declined seriously. Depres sion has shaken the power of the Republicans, previously domi nant except in the national elections of 1896 and 1912 and in the State election of 1926. Roosevelt carried the State for the Demo crats in 1932, and they have since retained control.

recent publications of the various State depa

rt ments and reports of officials must be consulted for authoritative information upon governmental activities. The South Dakota Manual, published annually by the Public Printing Bureau contains many facts. The bulletins, circulars and reports of the South Dakota Geological and Natural History Survey, also the bulletin of the South Dakota School of Mines contain many valuable studies of the minerals and natural resources. Bulletin No. 11 of the South Dakota School of Mines (1917) is an exhaustive "Bibliography of the Geology and Mining Interests of the Black Hills Region." The School of Mines also publishes the Black Hills Engineer (1912 seq.). For agriculture consult the reports and bulletins of the South Dakota agricultural experiment station and the Publications of the South Dakota Department of Immigration. The most important books are: S. S. Visher, Geography

of South Dakota (1918) ; D. Robinson, History of South Dakota (1904) and Encyclopaedia of South Dakota (2925) ; G. W. Kingsbury, History of Dakota Territory (1915); F. E. Peterson, Historical Atlas of South Dakota (1904) ; G. F. Will, Archaeology of the Missouri Valley (2924) ; 0. W. Coursey, Who's Who in South Dakota (1916 25) ; L. K. Fox, Who's Who Among South Dakotans (1924-25); Peter Rosen, Pa-ha-sa–pah; or, The Black Hills of South Dakota; A. D. Tallent, The Black Hills (1923). See also the Collections of the South Dakota Historical Society (1902-26).

a watering-place in Essex, England. Pop. (1931) 120,093. It was visited by Queen Caroline in and is the nearest seaside resort to London. The bathing is good, but the tide recedes rapidly for nearly a mile. The pier, which is over I+ m. in length, permits the approach of steamers at all tides. Westcliff-on-Sea is a western suburb. To the westward again is Leigh-on-Sea ; its lofty perpendicular church tower is visible from afar. The castle was built in the 13th century, and two ruined towers remain. Southend was incorporated as a county borough in 1914.