As the last under this head we may mention a late anonymous biography, that of the catholicus Yabhalaha III. (1281-1317), which throws much light on the relations of the early Mongol kings with the heads of the church in their dominions. Among other interesting features it contains information about the Nes torian Church of China in the 13th century.
4. Philosophy and Science.—Special mention may be made of `Ananishoe of liedhaiyabh (middle of 7th century) well known as the author of a new recension of the Paradise of Palladius, and also the author of a volume on philosophical divisions and defini tions; Romanus the physician (d. 896), who wrote a medical com pilation, a commentary on the Book of Hierotheus, a collection of Pythagorean maxims and other works; Moses bar Kepha, the voluminous writer above referred to; the famous physician Honain ibn Ishak (d. 873), who wrote chiefly in Arabic, but deserves mention here by his services to Syriac grammar and lexicography, and still more by his translations of Greek philosoph ical and scientific works into Syriac and from Syriac into Arabic, becoming in a sense the founder of a school of translators; and Jacob bar ShakkO, whose work called the Dialogues treats of grammar, rhetoric, poetry, logic, philosophy and science.
5. Grammar and Lexicography.—Several of the authors in this department have already been mentioned. The more important, besides Jacob of Edessa and Barhebraeus, are (AnanishOe of 1:led haiyabh, Honain ibn Isbals, his pupil Bar 'Ali, Bar SarOshwai (early loth century), Bar Bah11711 (middle of loth century), Elias of Tirhan (d. 1049), Elias bar Shinaya (above), John bar ZO'bi (beginning of 13th century) and Jacob bar Shakko.
Apart from the numerous editions of Syriac texts by Paul Bedjan, some of which have been cited above, nearly all the texts recently edited are included in one or other of three comprehensive series now running—viz., (I) Patrologia syriaca (Paris, 1894) ; (2) Corpus scrip torum christianorum orientalium—scriptores syriaci (Paris, 1907) ; (3) Patrologia orientalis (Paris, See W. Wright, History of Syriac Literature (1895) ; R. Duval, La Litterature syriaque (3rd ed. 1907) ; A. Baumstark, Geschichte der syrischen Literatur (1922). (N. MCL.)