Tennessee

The State maintains a Confederate Veterans' Home near Nash ville, on the "Hermitage," the estate formerly belonging to Andrew Jackson ; the Eastern hospital for the Insane, at Knoxville ; Cen tral hospital for the Insane, at Nashville; Western hospital for the Insane, at Bolivar; and various schools, as mentioned above under "Education." The main penitentiary is located on a farm of 4,000 ac. near Nashville. Another penitentiary, known as Brusby Mountain prison, is located in the coal region in East Tennessee. The prisoners are kept at labour principally in the State coal mines, on the farm, or at mechanical employment within the prison walls. Contract labour was not entirely abolished until 1917. All charitable and corrective institutions are under the supervision of the department of State institutions.

Industry, Trade and Transport.

The interests of the State remain predominantly agricultural, though manufacturing is de veloping rapidly. The total land area in farms increased from 17,901,00o ac. in 1925 to 19,661,00o ac. in 1935. The number of farms increased from 252,669 in 1925 to 273,783 in 1935; from 1910 to 1925 the average acreage per farm decreased from 81.5 to 73.3. The farm population decreased from 1,271,708 in 1920 to 1,215,452 in 1930. Of the 245,657 farmers in 1930, 210,519 were white and 35,138 were negroes. Of all farmers in 1930, 131,526 were owners; 113,520 were tenants; and 611 were man agers. In 1920 there were 11,374 women farmers. The total value of farm crops in 1926 was $175,614,000; in 1934, it was 527,000. In 1934 Tennessee ranked 16th among the States of the Union, in total value of farm products. The following table shows the comparative acreage, production and value of six im portant crops for 1927 and The number of the principal domestic animals on Jan. 1, 1935,

were: Cattle, 1,071,000; swine, 966,000; sheep, 405,000; horses, 150,000; mules, 306,000. The total value of all livestock in Ten nessee in 1930 was $104,862,000.

According to the Forest Service Department of Agriculture, the acreage of national forests lying within the limits of Tennessee increased from in 1925 to on June 3o, 1934. In 1933, according to the Bureau of Mines, Tennessee ranked 24th among the States in the value of mineral products. Production in that year amounted to $16,771,000. The principal products were coal, cement, clay products and stone. The coal-producing area is a belt running from north-east to south-west, a little east of the centre of the State, production being reported in 16 counties. Valuable building marble is quarried in the eastern part of the State. Tennessee produces most of the copper mined in the Southern States. Its entire production of copper, gold and silver comes from mines worked primarily for copper in Polk county.

Rock phosphate is mined in five counties in the central and south central sections of the State. The most important products, in 1925, were : coal, 5,454,011 short tons, worth $10,077,000; clay products exclusive of pottery, worth stone, 1,835, 150 short tons, worth copper, 19,788,234 lb., worth $2, rock phosphate, 464,24o long tons, worth $2,334.995; zinc, 16,256 short tons, worth $2,470,912. Other products of economic value are : sand and gravel, lime, iron ore, barite, lead, gold, silver and petroleum (see