Modern Tendencies

The conditions of the modern city—in size, in speed of circulation, in concentration of building masses, and in growth and standardization of industry—are unique. Whatever guidance the planner may obtain from knowledge and experience of the past, or however sound his conception of principles and tradi tions may be, he cannot rely upon these alone to solve the prob lems of the city of to-day. First hand knowledge of entirely new facts—relating to forms of aggregation and distribution of func tions and of means of communication—has to be obtained. The principal contribution of the present generation of specialists in town planning seems to be that of building up knowledge of these new conditions. Most of the so-called planning that is being done is part of this process of accumulating knowledge on the basis of experiment. Considered in this light, striking progress is being made towards the time when, it is hoped, the art of building and reshaping towns will be developed on the basis of a sound scien tific foundation.

BIBLIOGRAPHY.-Books

on town and city planning which emphasize, architectural features include: A. E. Brinkmann, Platz and Monument (Berlin, 5908) and Deutsche Stadtbaukunst in der Vergangenheit (Berlin, I9n) ; Prof. F. J. Haverfield, Ancient Town Planning (Oxford, 1913) ; C. Moore, Daniel Burnham, Architect, Planner of Cities (1921) ; W. Hegemann and E. Peets, American Vitruvius (New York, 1922) ; T. F. Tout, "Mediaeval Town Planning," Town Planning Review, vol. viii. (Liverpool, 1920) ; P. Lavedan, Hitstoire de l'urbanisme

(1926) and Qu'est-ce que l'urbanisme? (1926) ; J. Heinrich Krause, Deinokrates, oder Hiitte, alten Welt (Jena, 1863) ; E. Kuhn, Ueber die Entstehung der Stiidte der Alten (Leipzig, 1878) ; G. Perrot and( Ch. Chipiez, Histoire de Part dans l'antiquite (1882-1904) ; A. von\ Gerkan, Griechische Stddteanlagen (1924).

Town planning practice: C. Sitte, Stadtebau each seinen Kiinstler ischen Grundsiitzen (Wein, 1901) ; M. Robinson, Modern Civic Art (New York, 1st ed. 1903 ; 3rd ed. 1913) ; P. Schultze-Naumburg, Kulturarbeiten (München, 1906-09) ; R. Unwin, Town Planning in Practice (London, 1909) ; T. H. Mawson, Civic Art (London, 1911) ; F. L. Thompson, Site Planning in Practice (London, 1923) ; N. P. Lewis, The Planning of a Modern City (New York, ist ed., 1916 ; 2nd ed., 1923) ; S. D. Adshead, Town Planning and Town Development (London, 1923) ; H. V. Lanchester, The Art of Town Planning (London, 1925) ; C. B. Purdom, The Building of Satellite Towns (London, 1925). Journals: American City Planning Institute, City Planning Quarterly; Journals of Town Planning Institute (British and Canadian) ; University of Liverpool, Town Planning Review. Reports: Report of Town Planning Conference, R.I.B.A. (Iwo) ; annual reports of National City Planning Conferences and numerous reports on city and regional plans, including plans of Chicago, Minneapolis and New York in U.S.A., and regional schemes in England. (T. AD.)