Utah

The most important crop is hay. In 1935, 556,000ac. produced 1,078,000 tons of cultivated hay (1.94 tons per ac.) valued at $7,438,000; also 62,000 tons of uncultivated hay; of wheat, 230, 000ac. yielded 5,222,000bu. (22.7bu. per acre) valued at 000. Potatoes in 1935 yielded 2,040,00obu. on 14,00oac. (I sobu. per acre). Their value was estimated at $1,040,000. The year 1933 was a good one for sugar-beets, 74,000ac. producing a crop of 593,00o tons and the yield per acre being 12.3 tons as corn pared with 7.8 tons for 1934. In 1935, 41 ,000ac. produced 506, 000 tons; 12.3 tons per acre. The production of oats in 1935 on 36,000ac. was 1,368,000bu. (38bu. per acre), valued at $520, 000. Barley amounted to 1,080,000bu. on 45,000ac. (estimated value, $855,000), and Indian corn 451,000bu. on 22,000ac. (valued at $406,000). The elevation, in general, is high for Indian corn. In 1935, the State produced 543,000bu. of apples, 68o,000bu. of peaches, 12,000 bu. of pears and 1,364 tons of grapes. Other crops were pro duced only in small quantity.

Live stock on the farms (Jan.

I, 1936) was estimated at 2,378, 000 sheep, 212,000 beef cattle, 101,000 milch cows and heifers, 50,000 swine, and 86,000 horses and mules. The value of all live stock within the State was placed at $24,969,000. Live stock and live stock products sold during 1935 were valued at $26,600,000. Butter production amounted in 1934 to 15,000,000lb. as compared with 7,034,000lb. in 1925. The wool production for 1935 was 19,125,000lb., a decrease of 5,315,000lb. or 22% below the production of 1930.

Mining.

In 1935 Utah was third among the States in output of the five major metals with a total production valued at The mines and quarries furnished employment to 12,149 men, and the wages paid amounted to about $21,225,000. In value copper is the leading mineral, the 1934 production being worth $6,881,994. The lead production in that year was valued at $4,297,696; the coal output, at silver, at gold, at and zinc, at $2,425,040. In creased production during 1936 raised Utah to second place behind Arizona with a product valued at Utah is very rich in copper, silver, gold and zinc, but, owing to the fact that the ores are always found in combination, it has been impossible, until recently, to recover a high enough percentage of each to realize on the State's fortune. The invention of new selective flotation processes between 1915 and 1925 worked a mining revolution in Utah and sent its production skyward. From 1910 through 1922 Utah had ranked fourth in the production of copper, but from 79,665,000lb. in 1922 the output leaped in a single year to 210,118,000lb. for 1923. This placed the State third ; and it has tended to hold this position although occasionally passing Montana or being passed by Michigan. The output of

copper for 1935 was 120,972,668 pounds. The higher percentage of recovery together with increased prices caused Utah to produce 306,669,8241b. of lead in 1925, breaking her own record and tak ing second place among the States. In recent years both Mis souri and Idaho have surpassed Utah, but with 127,014,000lb. in 1935 the State still produced nearly a fifth of the nation's lead. In 1925 Utah ranked first among the States in silver production with 21,276,689oz. to her credit. In 1934 she stood second with and in 1935 third with 9,206,368oz.

The most important non-metal lic mineral in Utah is coal, 4,630,000 tons being produced in 1925 and 2,985,000 tons in 1935. Bituminous coal mining was begun for small bee-hive ovens near Cedar City in 1882 to secure enough fuel to work the neighbouring iron mines. Nine-tenths of the coal pro duced in the State comes from Carbon county. Salt, another valuable product, is obtained by means of solar evaporation of the salt brine deposits in the Great Salt Lake regions; 67,000 tons were produced in 1935. During the World War when phosphates were in demand they were mined from large deposits around Great Salt Lake, but since the war, this has not paid. Native asphalt to the amount of 30,399 tons valued at was produced in 1934 Small amounts of gypsum and iron ore are also shipped from Utah mines. The rare metals uranium and vanadium are produced in small quantities (76 tons worth $2,828 in 1934). Utah mineral production has expanded rapidly in recent years due largely to in creased operations in the Bingham district by the Utah Copper Co. and the U.S. Smelting, Refining and Mining Co. Other production areas include the Tintic, Park City and Tooele districts.

Forests and Lumbering.

Heavy spring floods have caused vast damage especially where cutting has left the slopes exposed to erosion. The interests of irrigation also demand that the water be retained on these slopes as long as possible in the spring. Thus, though not so valuable commercially, Utah's forests are highly important as soil conservers. Eight national forests cover 7,540, 8o7ac. and contain 93% of the timber in the State. Their stand is estimated at 7,283,000,000 board feet. Injudicious cutting be tween 188o and 1900 almost bared the western slopes of the Wasatch range near Great Salt Lake. The cut in 1889 amounted to 14,000,000 and in 1899 to 18,o00,00o board feet, but regulation has decreased the output until between 1931-34 it averaged but 7,000,00o board feet annually. The mills supply only about one tenth of the local demand. The receipts for annual sales already exceed the cost of the national forests.