The common measure for tiling, is a square of 10 feet, each side containing an area of 100 superficial feet. Not only the price of new work is valued by this measure, but also strip ping and re-tiling of old roofs ; but if any quantity of new tiles are used, they are charged separately, and the superficial quantity of old tiles that would fill the places of the new, are computed, and deducted from the old. In plain tiling, as the rafters are generally made three-quarters of the breadth of the building, the surface of the roof is exactly equal to the area, and a half more, of the length and breadth of the build ing, or the space contained between the sides of the covering and ends. This being kept in view, will save much trouble in calculation.
Paving is laid either with bricks or tiles, and is measured by the yard square. The price per yard will depend on whether the bricks are laid flat or on edge, or whether laid with bricks or tiles, or of what size tiles, or whether any of these be laid in sand or in mortar.
The mensuration of groins and vaults will be shown under their respective heads.
That this work may be generally useful, we shall here subjoin the customs of several other parts of the United Kingdom, as well as the foregoing, which are calculated for London and its neighbourhood, or work done in the country by London masters.
In most counties, brick walls are measured by the yard, without reducing the thickness of the work to the standard, and fixing a price per yard according to the thickness.
In Cumberland, walls are mostly measured by the yard, and rated according to the thickness of the work : they have also a standard thickness of IS inches, and their rod or rood is 49 square yards ; these are also used by masons in the country, but neither the standard nor the rod are frequently used ; apertures arc always included for workmanship. In measuring the breasts of chimneys, they take the horizontal girt from wall to.wall, to this they add the number of withs, or divisions between the flues, reckoning each with 3 inches, for the whole breadth; the height of the story, or as high as the work goes on uniformly. is the other dimension of the face, and the thickness is reckoned 9-inch work. In mea suring a chimney-shaft, they girt it all round, then add the number of withs for the breadth, as before, and if there is only one row of flues, they reckon the thickness a 9-inch wall.
In Scotland, the brickwork of outside walls is generally measured by the rood of 36 square feet, and this measure is almost, if not quite, general. In Glasgow, the standard thickness is 14 inches, or 14- brick, the same as London; and walls of less thickness are geuerally measured by the yard, and the rate of price is according to the thickness of the work. shafts, or stalks as they are there
are girt about for their horizontal dimension, and the altitude of the shaft, together with half its thickness, is the other dimension of the face; and the thickness is reckoned a brick and a half. lm measuring the breasts of chimneys, they take the breadth of the face, and one return for the length, and the other dimension of the face is thy height as flu as the work goes of a uniform quality and thickness ; the thick ness is what the breast really projects. Vacuities for doors and windows are not deducted from outside work.
In Ireland, the common measure is a perch of 21 square feet, being 21 feet long, and 1 foot high ; the standard thick is 9 inches only. The custom there, as also in most country places in Great Britain, was to include the openings. A .1-ineh wall is reckoned two-thirds of a 9-inch wall ; and a 3-inch wall, half a 9-inch wall. In the centering of sewer vaulting, ball the arch is allowed ; and in groin vaulting, the whole arches are done at so much per piece, according to their kind; splayed jambs, cant quoins, &c., by the running foot.
For further infbrmation on measuring, the reader is referred to a valuable little work, called "The Student's Guide to the Practice of and Valuing Artificers' Works," pub lished by Ireale, London.
Materials in bricklaying are charged as follows : Fine bricks, red rubbers, best marl stocks for cutters, second best, pickings, common bricks, place bricks, paving bricks, kiln-burnt bricks, and Dutch clinkers, by the thou sand.
Red rubbers, kiln-burnt bricks, and fire-bricks, are also sold by the hundred.
Foot-tiles and ten-inch tiles, either by the hundred or thousand.
Sunk foot-tiles, and ten-inch tiles, with five holes, by the piece.
Pantiles, plain tiles, and nine-inch tiles, by the thousand. Oven-tiles, Welch oven-tiles, Welch fire-lumps, fire-bricks, and chimney-pots, are sold by the piece.
Sand, clay, and loam, by the load : lime sometimes by the hundredweight.
Dutch terras, Parker's Boman cement, and lime, by the bushel.
Pantile laths, oak laths, double and single, for slating, arc sold by the bundle or load.
Hair and mortar by the load.
Mortar, lime, and hair fine stuff, Parker's cement, and blue pointing mortar, arc sold by the hod. hair is some times sold by the bushel.
flip hooks and T nails by the piece.
In the former edition of this work was inserted a number of tables, showing the prices and quantities of materials; but as there are now published several useful in which this kind of information is given, it has been con sidered better to refer to them than occupy so large a portion of our limited space as the tables would necessarily occupy.