A variety of pleasing cornices and ornaments may be formed in brickwork, by the disposition of the bricks, fre quently without cutting them, or it' cut, chamfering only may be used; but a great defect is frequently to be observed in these ornaments, particularly in the bilging of the arches over windows. This arises from mere carelessness in rubbing the bricks too much off, on the inside ; whereas, if due care were taken to rub them exact to the gauge on the inside, that they bear upon the front edges, their geometrical bearings being united, they would all tend to one centre, and produce a well-proportioned and pleasing effect.
A rod of brickwork was taken from the original standard of 16i feet square, and consequently the supeficial rod con- I tabled 272.25 square feet, or square feet; but as the quarter was found troublesome in calculation, 272 superficial feet was admitted as the standard for brickwork ; the result is the same in practice, when it is considered that equal values will be found by annexing the proportional price per rod to each ; and indeed, if the same price be appropriate to each, the difference would be so trifling as not to be worth the trouble of calculating. The standard thickness of a brick wall is 1f brick in length, therefore if 272 square feet be mul tiplied by 13, inches, the result is 306 cubic feet in the rod.
A rod of standard brickwork with mortar, will require 4,500 bricks at a medium, allowing for waste ; this number will depend upon the closeness of the joints, and the size of the bricks. The mortar in a rod of brickwork will require If cwt. of chalk-lime, or one cwt. of stone-lime, and loads of sand with stone-lime, or 2 loads with chalk-lime.
In walling, a foot of reduced brickwork will require 17 bricks. A foot superficial of marl facing laid in Flemish bond, will require 8 bricks ; and a foot superficial of ganged arches, 10 bricks. In paving, a yard will require S2 paving or 48 stock-bricks, or 144 Dutch clinkers laid on edge, or 30 bricks laid flat.
In tiling, 100 superficial feet make a square. A square will require, of plain tiles, 800 at a 6-inch gauge, 700 at a 7-inch gauge, or 600 at an 8-inch gauge. The distance of the laths will depend upon the pitch of the roof. and may require a 6, 7, or 8-inch gauge; thus. a kirb roof will require a gauge of 7,V or 8 inches in the kirb part, and the upper part 6, 01-, or 7 inches, the distance being less as the angle of elevation is less. A square of plain tiling will require a bundle of laths, more or less according to the pitch, two bushels of lime and one of sand, and a peck of tile-pins at least. The laths are sold in bundles, which generally con
sist of 3, 4. and 5-feet lengths ; the 3-feet are S score, the 0 score. and the 5-feet 5 score to the bundle. The nails used in lathing, are fourpenny. They are purchased by the long hundred, viz., six score to each hundred, and charged by the bricklayer by the short hundred, viz., five score to the hundred. The rates of charge by the hundred are as their names imply, viz., fourpenny, fourpence per hundred ; six penny, sixpence per hundred. The number of nails required to a bundle of five-feet laths are 500, and to a bundle of six feet laths 600. A square of pan-tiling will require 180 tiles, ' laid at a 10-inch gauge, and a bundle of laths. The bundle consists of 12 laths, 10 feet long.
In lime measure, 25 striked bushels, or 100 peeks, is a hundred of lime ; S gallons, or 2,1503 cubic inches, is a bushel of dry measure ; and 268,1 cubic inches is a gallon.
In sand measure, 24 heaped bushels, or 30 strikcd bushels, is a load, and 24 cubic feet weigh a ton. In mortar measure, , 27 cubic feet make a load. which contains half a hundred of lime, with a proportional quantity of sand ; 1,134 cubic inches make a hod, which is 9 inches by 9, and 14 inches long ; 2 hods of mortar make a bushel nearly.
A ton weight contains 231 cubic feet of sand, 171 of clay, or 18 of earth, or :330 bricks.
A cubic foot contains 951b. of sand, 1351b. of clay, or 1241b. of common earth, or 125 bricks.
To measure trenches for kinds of exca vations of earth are measured by the number of cubic yards which they contain ; therefore, to find the number of cubic yards in a trench, find the solidity of the trench in cubic feet, which divide by 27, the number of cubic feet in a yard, and the quotient, if any, is the answer in cubic yards, and the remainder, if any, shows cubic feet.
length of a trench is 62 feet, the vertical death 2 rept R iWrhos and the breadth 2 feet 9 inches.
divide the area of the wall by 272, and the quotient, if any, will be the answer in rods, and the remainder, if any, in feet : but if the wall be less or more than a brick and a half in thickness, multiply the area of the wall by the number of half bricks, that is, the number of half lengths of -fl brick ; divide the product by 3, and the wall will be reduced to the standard of 1 brick thick. Divide the quotient by 272, and this quotient will give the number of rods required.