Good drainage is the next important consideration. and this !nay generally be obtained at small cost. The common earthenware pipes, of au oval or egg-shaped form, about 5 inches by inches at bottom, are sufficiently capaeon. to carry A' the drainage from a cottage : they ane not so as brick drains, and are more efficient.
All drains should be trapped with a st l,ie n trap. SO IS to prevent the escape of foul air, and the admission to the ihN idling. The drains should a cesspool stink in the garden, domed over with brick, a stone matt-hole or flap to eanable the cottager to repair or eleanse it ; or to avail himself or its contents for manuring his garden. A drain should also lead from the sink in the scullery to the cesspool (trapped as before described), and this should be so ii•ranged as to carry off the water used for N•ashim4 the floors, when they are of stone, brick, or composition. The cheapest and best form for the cesspool is that of a parallelogram about 5 feet long. '2 feet 6 inches wide. and 3 feet 6 inches deep.
Cottages may be divided into several classes. or sizes: one or the smallest size for the common labourer : the second size fiir the labourer, who, by his and industry, in earn ing inure than ordinary wages, deserves a more comfort:11de dwelling than that of the most common labourer : the third size, for the village shopkeeper, shoemaker, tailor. butcher, baker, &c. ; the fourth size, for the small firmer, malt-.ter. ale house, or other trades. requiring room ; the fifth size, fir the large opulent farmer. Every cottage should have at least apartments. and in many cases three, or even four. If the apartments be two in number, and in two floors. one roof cover both; but then there must lie the expense of an addi tional floor, and a stair to get up to it, besides a loss of room in both floors, for the space occupied by the stairs; he with respect to a sleeping apartment. a room in an upper story is more healthy than in a lower. 111 cottages hich are built singly, the families are less liable to than in those which are joined : but in those which are built ther, a eonsiderable expense of walling will be saved, as the flues may be carried up in one common stalk, and in case of sudden trouble. one flintily may assist another.
NVhere It cottage consists of two stories!, with a sleeping room in the upper one. it would tend much to the comfort of the cottager, it the upper story were warmed by means a Ilue from the lire below ; for this purpose, the vent ought to be carried np the with its sides as thin as possible. Another mode, suggested by Mr. Beatson, is to permit the heated air, which always ascends from the ceiling of the lower story, to iiseend through an aperture in the floor of the upper story ; this may be done by mean; of gratings, or turning plates, in the least frequented part of the floor.
\Vith respect to Mr. Loudon. in his treatises On country-residenyes, has suggested a Ilan, by which he thinks much more heat may be tie own out from a given quantity of fuel, than by any other method N et proposed. and vie)) by more simple The grate which the fail being on a with surflue IX the floor. makes the smoke ascend slimly, and thus in its passage allows it time to give out its heat. In small cottages. the staircase ought to he so constructed. as to take up as little room as possible.
The chid- of a single square cottage. an eatim!--room of about 13 feet square : oN er this a sleeping :Ili:lament, which may be partitioned in such a way. as will best aceolionidate the decency to be in th• an idea of this construction nun easily lie formed without a plan. It' the dimensions of the buildings be tw o or even three feet more, it will give much more advantage in po:nt of con venience. Fur cottages built in rows. be as follow : a room below, of DI feet square, with the entrance-door and one window in front ; the fire-plave with into a lean-to, at the Lack, for covering fuel, the tools of the labourer. and sheltering fin- a pig, &c.; a pantry, fitted up shelves, may be made under the stairs, in the lower room.
To aecomniodate a lai•ge family, with children of different sexes. the necessary separation may lie etligged, by placing one bed over the other, and the entrance to each of the beds on alternate or different sides.