" In this way, by building stratum super stratum, of solid squared oak timber, which was of the best quality, Mr. End yerd was enabled to make a solid basement of what height he thought proper : but in addition to the above methods, judiciously laid hold of the great priuciple of engincery, that weight is the most naturally and effectually resisted by weight. He considered, that all his joints being pervious to water, and that though a great part of the ground-joint of the m hole mass was in contact with the rock, yet ninny parts of it could not be accurately so ; and therefore, that m hatever parts of the ground joint were not in perfect contact, so as to exclude the water therefrom, though the separation was only by the thickness of a piece of post•paper, yet it' capable of receiving water in a fluid state, the action of a wave upon it edgewise, would, upon the principles of hydrostatics:, produce an equal effect towards lifting it upwards, as if it acted immediately upon so much area of the bottom as was not in close contact.
"The more effectually therefore to counteract every tendency of the seas to move the building in any direction, he determined to interpose strata of Cornish moor-stone between those of wood ; and accordingly having raised his foundation solid, two courses above the top of the rock, he then put on five courses, of one foot thick each, of the moor stone. These courses were as well jointed as the workmen of the country could do it, to introduce as much weight as possible into the space to contain them : they were, however, laid without any cement ; but it appears that iron cramps were used, to retain the stones of each course together, and also upright ones to confine down the outside stones.
" When five feet of moor-stone were laid on, according to the dimensions, would weigh 120 tons ; he then interposed a couple of courses of solid timber, as before ; the use of which was plainly for the more effectual and ready fastening of the outside uprights to the solid, by means of jag-bolts, or screw-bolts ; and that these bolts might the more effectually hold in the wood, in every part of the circle (which could not be the case with timbers lying parallel to each other, because in two points of the circle, opposite to each other, the timbers would present their ends towards the bolt) he encompassed those two courses with circular, or what are technically called compass timbers, properly scarfed together, and breaking joint one course upon the other. We must not, however, suppose, that these courses were composed wholly of circular timbers to the centre, but that the circles of compass timbers on the outside, were filled up with parallel pieces within ; and that the compass timbers were, in the most favourable points, jag-bolted to the interior parallel pieces.
"The two uppermost courses, after clearing the rock, and before the five moor-stone courses came on, were furnished with compass timbers, as well as some others below.
"The two courses of wood above the moor-stone courses terminated the entire solid of the basement ; for a well-hole was begun to be left upon these courses for stairs in the centre, of 6 feet ft inches in the square ; and hereupon was fixed the entry door, or rather, one course lower, making a step up, just within the door ; in consequence of this, the entire solid terminated about 9 feet above the higher side of the base, and 19 feet above the lower side thereof.
" ltt Mr. Winstanley's house, the entry was from the rock into an internal staircase, formed in the casing upon the south-east side ; he therefore needed only a few external steps. But Mr. Iiudyerd's entry door, being full eight feet above the highest part of the rock, would consequently need a ladder. This he made of iron, of great strength; and being open, whenever the seas broke upon this side of the house, they readily found their passage through, without making any violent agitation upon it.
"The two compass courses terminating the entire solid, having been established, as already mentioned, he again proceeded with live moor-stone courses; nearly the same as the former ; allowing for the necessary dillbrence resulting from there being a central well-hole for the stairs, and a passage from the entry door, as described, to the well-hole: this passage was 2 feet 11 inches wide, and, as it appears, took up the whole height of the five courses. The weight of these live courses, according to the dimensions, amounted to 86 tons.
"lie then again proceeded with two compass courses, covering the door-head and passage, so as now to leave no other vacuity than the well-hole ; and upon these he laid four moor-stone courses, the weight of which amounted to sixty-seven tons. lie then proceeded with two compass courses, and after that, with beds of timber, cross and cross, and compass courses interposing ; and, last of all, with one compass course, upon which he laid a floor over all, of oak plank three inches thick, which made the floor or the store room.