With Vitruvius's account of the order, we conclude this article ; it runs as follows : " Some architects," says he, " have maintained that tem ples should not be built of the Doric order, because it occasions an imperfection and an inconvenience in the symmetry ; for this reason it was rejected by Tarchesius, Pytheus, and also by Herinogenes : the latter, after he had prepared marble materials for a Doric temple, altered them, and from the same materials, raised an Ionic temple to Bacchus. How ever, it was not because the appearance was unhandsome, or the manner or form ignoble ; but because it impeded the distribution, and the arrangement of the triglyphs and lacunars was unsuitable to the design ; for it is necessary that the triglyphs should be disposed over the middle quarters of the columns ; the metopes which are between the triglyphs, be made as long as high ; and the triglyphs over the angle columns he placed at the extremities, and not over the middle quarters. So that the metopes which adjoin the angular triglyphs, are not square, but more oblong by half the breadth of a triglyph. Those who would make all the metopes equal, contract the extreme intercolumn half the breadth of a triglyph ; hut this, whether it is done by lengthening the metope, or by contracting the intercolumn, is a defect. On this account, the ancients avoided the use of the Doric order in sacred edifices. Following, however, our method, we shall give the explanation of' this order, as we have received it from the masters ; so that those who attend to these precepts will here find described the rules by which they may erect a tem ple in the Doric manner, without fault or imperfection.
"'lire front of the Doric temple, where the columns are erected, is, if tetrastyle, divided into 23 parts ; if' hexastyle, into 44. Of these parts one will be a module, called in Greek, embates, by which the distribution of the whole work is regulated. The thickness of the column is two modules ; the height, including the capitals, 14. The thickness of the capital one module, the breadth two and the sixth part of a module. The thickness of the capital is divided into three parts, of which one is for the abacus with its eymatium, another for the echinus with its amulets ; and the third for the hvpotrachelion. The columns are diminished in the same manner as described for Ionic columns in the third book.
" The height of' the epistylium with the tenia and guttfe is one module. The tem is the seventh part of a module.
The length of the guttm, under the tenia, coincides with the perpendicular of the triglyphs. Their height, with the regula, is the sixth part of a module. The breadth of the bottom of the epistylium answers to the hypotraehelion at the top of the columns.
" Upon the epistylium, the triglyphs, having the metopes between them, are placed ; being one module and a half high, and one module broad in front ; they are so distributed, that those which happen over the angle, as well as over the intermediate column-, may be perpendicular to the middle quarters thereof; two are left in the intercolumns ; and in the middle intereolumn of the pronaos and of the posticus, three ; for, by this enlargement of the middle interval, the approach to the image of the god is rendered more commo dious and free from impediment.
" The breadth of the triglyph is divided into six parts ; of which, five arc placed in the middle, two and a half being on either side. The middle one makes the regula, or femur, which the Greeks call meros. On either side this, are the channels, sunk as if imprinted with the elbow of a square. To the right and left of these, another femur is formed, and at the extremities, semi-channels are slanted.
"The triglyphs being thus disposed, the metopes, which are between the triglyphs, are as high as long. At the extreme angles, semi-metopes are impressed, half a module broad. Thus, the metopes, intereolumns, and lacunars, being regu larly distributed, all defects will be avoided. The capital of the triglyph is made the sixth part of a module.
" Over the capital of the triglyphs, is placed the corona, projecting the half and the sixth part of a module, having a Doric cymatium below, and another above. The thickness of the corona, with the eymatiums, is half a module. In the under part of the corona, perpendicular to the triglyphs, and to the middle of the metopes, the directions of the vim, and the distribution of the guttm, are to be so contrived, that there may he six guttze in length, and three in breadth. The remaining spaces (the metopes being broader than the triglyphs) are left plain, or have the sculptures of thunder bolts. Near the edge of the same corona a line is enchased, which is called scotia. The tympan, sima, corona, and the rest, are executed in the same manner as has been described for the Ionic order.
"The foregoing is the method for composing diastyle works ; but if the structure is to be made sistyle and mono triglyph, the front of the temple, if tetrastyle, is divided into twenty-three parts ; if hexastyle, into thirty-five. Of these, one part will be a module, by which the work is to be regu lated, as before written. Then, over every epistylium, two metopes and triglyphs are disposed. In the angles, this species is larger than the former by as much as the space of the bisected hemitriglyph. So that there happens in the middle epistylium, under the fastigium, the space of three triglyphs and three metopes, for the enlargement of the middle intercolumn renders the entrance of the temple more spacious, and gives an appearance of dignity towards the statue of the god.
" Upon the capital of the triglyphs the corona is to be placed, having, as before said, a Doric cymatium at bottom, and another at top. The thickness of the corona, with its cymatiums, is half a module. The under part of the corona, perpendicular to the triglyphs and to the middle of the metopes, is to be divided, for the direction of the vim, and the distribution of the guttze ; all the rest are the same as has been mentioned in the diastyle species.
" The columns are to be wrought in twenty stria, which, if made flat, form twenty angles ; but if they are hollowed, they are to be thus performed :A square is described whose sides are eqtial to the interval of a striae ; in the centre of the square, the central point of the compasses is placed, and a circular line drawn touching the angles of the square ; and that portion of the curve which is between the lines of the circle and the square, forms the hollow of the stria. Thus, the Doric column will have its proper kind of stricture. With regard to the swelling which it has in the middle, it is the same as has been described for Ionic columns." To exemplify this order, and illustrate the true Grecian Doric, we have chosen that beautiful specimen from the magnificent portico of the Parthenon, at Athens, exhibited in Plate 1. : the proportions are numbered in minutes, in the usual way. The outline exhibits the profile of the flank, and the finished order shows the profile on the front of the portico, adjoining that represented by the outline.
Plate of the modern Doric.
Plate finished plate of the same, from Sir Wm. Chambers, who took, his example from Vignola.
Plate 1V.—Roman Doric, from the theatre of Marcellus, at Rome ; showing both the outline and finished plate. DORMAN, a cross beam.