" I have, as well as I have been able, briefly written the rules relative to city houses, as 1 proposed. I shall now treat of those in time country, how they may be made convenient, and in what manner they should be disposed.
" Of Country Houses, with the description and use of their several Parts.
"In the first place, the country should be examined with regard to its salubrity, as written in the first book concerning the founding of a city, for in like manner villas are to be established. Their magnitude must be according to the quan tity of land and its produce. The courts and their size must be determined by the number of cattle and yokes of oxen to be there employed. in the warmest part of the court, the kitchen is to be situated, and adjoining thereto the ox-house, with time stalls turned towards the fire and the eastern sky ; for the cattle seeing the light and fire, are thereby rendered smooth-coated ; even husband men, although ignorant of the nature of aspects, think that cattle should look to no other part of the heavens than to that where the sun rises. The breadth of the ox-house should ma be less than ten feet, nor more than fifteen : the length should be so much as to allow no less than seventeen feet to each yoke.
" The bath also is to be adjoined to the kitchen, for thus the place of bathing w ill not be for from those of the husbandry occupations. The press-room should be near the kitchen, that it may be convenient for the olive business; and adjoin ing thereto the wine-cellar, having windows to the north ; for, should they be toward any part which may be heated by the sun, the wine in that cellar would be disturbed by the heat, and beeolne vapid. The oil-room is to be so situated as to have its light t'roln the southern and hot aspects; for oil ought to he congealed, but be attenuated by a gentle heat. The dimensions of these rooms are to be regulated by the quantity of fruit, and the number of the vessels; which, it' they be cullearim, should in the middle occupy tbu• feet. Also, it' the press be not worked by screws, hut by levers, the press room should not be less than forty feet long, that the pressers may have sufficient space ; the breadth should not be less than sixteen feet. by which means there will be free room to turn, and to dispatch the work but if there be two 'presses in the place, it ought to be twenty-four feet broad. The sheep and goat-houses should be so large, that
not less than four feet and a half, nor more than six feet, may 1;e allowed to each animal. The granary should be elevated from the ground, and look to the north or east, f pr thus the grain will not so soon be heated, but, being cooled by the air, will endure the longer ; the other aspects generate worms and such vermin as usually destroy the grain.
" The stable, above all in the villa, should he built in the warmest place, and not look toward the fire, for if these cattle be stalled near the fire, they become rough-coated ; nor are those stalls unuseful which are placed out of the kitchen, in the open air, toward the cast ; for in the winter time, when the weather is serene, the beasts, being led thi ther in the morning, may be cleaned while they are taking their food.
"The barn, hay-room, meal-room, and mill, are placed without the villa, that it may be more secure from the danger of fire.
" If the villa is to be built more elegantly, it must he constructed according to the symmetry of city houses, before described : but so as not to impede its use as a villa.
" Great care ought to lie taken, that all buildings have sufficient light, which in villas is easily obtained ; because there are no walls near to obstruct it. But in the city, either the height of the party-walls, or the narrowness of the streets, may occasion obscurity. It may, however, be thus tried : on the side where the light is to be received, let a fine be extended from the top ot' the wall that seems to cause the obscurity, to that place to which the light is required ; and if when looking up along that line, an ample space of the clear sky may be seen. the light to that place will not be obstructed ; but it' beams, lintels, or floors, interfere, the upper parts must be opened, and thus the light be admitted. The upper rooms are thus to be managed ; on whatsoever part of the heavens the prospect may lie, on that side the places of the windows are to be left, for thus the edifice will be best enlightened. As in trienniums and such apartments, the light is highly necessary, so also is it in passages, ascents, and staircases, where people carrying burdens frequently meet each other.