'I he plans wore mostly square, having in sonic cases a square or eireular stair-turret at one of time angles; round towers, however, of this date, are frequent in the counties of Norfolk and Suffolk. They are mostly constructed of Hint, and batter externally from the Lase upwards; they are sometimes divided into stages by string-courses, and the upper story is more •nrieheil than those below. The IA in di•s in the lower .stories are small and narrow', and exceed ingly plain.
The pinnacles Were usually cylindrical in plan, and cov ered with a conical eapping. but occasionally the capping was polygonal or square on the ,i'orebt's, as Wit before stated, rarely occur in this style, some re, however do remain, but mostly belonging to the larger churches. They are, most frequently vaulted, and sometimes consist of two stories haying a small apartment above the pooch properly so called. 'I here are sometimes benches on either Side, and the walls on the interior are ornamented w II 11 ld a 11 k areades. The doorways arc often deeply recessed and of an ornamental character.
The Roots a this period in large buildings are highly Iiitelmed, but in the smaller churches they are somewhat more depressed, forming a rectangle at the apex. In the interior they are most frequently vaulted, although we have some examples still reniailling of timber roofs: there is one at Peterboron!dm cathedral. which is flat, and covered with paintings figures, which have recently been restored. A greater number of roofs ()I' this material in all probability existed, but, from their liability to decay and destruction still 'main. All wide spans, such as the naves of churches., and especially of time larger ones, were probably covered with timber roofs, as the builders of I seem to have been bold enough to attempt vaulting over wide intervals : this circumstance. is snimp»sed to account for the narrowness of the aisles, which, together ivith crypts, porChes, anti other places im hero the bearings were inconsidei able, were always vaulted. Many examples of stone vatiltimnr still remain, the quadripartite, or that of four cells, with diagonal groins, being the most common; the barrel vault, how ever, was also employed, specimen w hielm is to he seen in the Tower London. At first t he groins were simple anises without any }injecting tnonbiing, hut afterwards to square moulding was added, and still later this simple loin] was enriched by ey 1'111(111(.31 mouldings of va•ion, and zig-zag and other ornamental mouldings.
The later portion of this style. which has been named by some the tioefts,tion, and by others the .'em;-,Vurinorn style, Wray he sail to have conlittelleed a little before the middle of the twelfth century, and forms the connecting be tween tlw dfoinanesque and l'ointed styles. It is distiugnishr•d generally by its amalgamation of Norman with the pointed ;11141. or rill:11)S We rather say by the M1.1.0 (111(.04)11 of the pointed arch into would otherwise be It man work.
fainted urrbes are found treated in all respects in the same manner as the older semicircular form. having only one or two recessions on the salt, and these generally square at the edges without chaulf•ria; sometimes we see only one soffit with ida;11 chanted ell edges. and not unfrequently the Inces of the arch are adorned wit Ii zigzag and other mouldings of purely Norman character. These are supported upon tnas•i‘e Norman piers, either or of other form, sometimes square wits attached circular shafts on the sides, but cccasiotalIt consisting several shafts clustered together, and banded about midway between the base and capital : this last ti)rms a near approach to the clustered pillars of a later style. The abacus was in almost all cases, square, and of Norman character. as also were the bases, but the capital exhibits a more chaste and delicate ornamentation, of foliage which bears some approach in design to the Early English.
The doorawys are recessed similar to Norman examples, bat have pointed arches. and the shafts with their capitals arc more delicate than in pure Norman work. The arches, how ever, are decorated with mouldings which are purely Norman.
The tetiames generally retain the same diameter as before, but occasionally the pointed arch is introduced here also. In churches of this period, we fretinently find a triforiuni With a semicircular arcade, and a dere-story with purely Norman windows ranging above an arcade composed of' pointed arches; as also a lower r of mural arcades with pointed arches sur mounted by semicircular or intersecting arcades. In short, the architecture ikt this period is nothing more than a combi nation of the pointed arch with which is otherwise Norman : it is true. the charaeter of the arch did, in some ca-es. affi.•et some other members of the building, but not to any great extevit, for the main features of the style, with this exception of the arch, still remain strictly and unmistakably orman.