Goldsmiths, jewellers, &c., have a particular class of weights, viz.: fur gold and precious stones, the carat and grain ; and 1;)r silver, the pennyweight and grain. In the mint, they have also a peculiar subdivision of the Troy grain : thus dividing the grain into 20 mites, the mite into 24 droits, the droit into 20 periots, the periot into 54 blanks.
The ,dealers in wool have likewise a particular set of weights, viz. : the sack, weigh, tod, stone, and clove; the proportions of which are as follow: the sack contains 2 weighs, the weigh 61 tods, the tod 2 stones, the stone 2 cloves, the clove 7 pounds.
Also 12 sacks make a last, or 4368 pounds.
Farther, 56 lb. of old hay, or 60 lb. new hay, make a truss. 40 lb. of straw make a truss.
36 trusses make a load of hay or straw.
14 lb. make a stone.
5 lb. of glass a stone.
Other nations have also certain weights peculiar to them selves: thus, Spain has its arrobas, containing 25 Spanish pounds, or one fourth of the common quintal : its quintal macho, containing 150 pounds, or one-half of the common quintal, or 6 arrobas ; its adarme, containing one-sixteenth of its ounce. And for gold, it has its castillan, or one hundredth of a pound ; and its tomin, containing 12 grains, or one-eighth of a castillan. The same arc in use in the Spanish West Indies.
Portugal has its arroba, containing 32 Lisbon arratals, or pounds. Savary also mentions its fitratellc, containing 2 Lisbon pounds; and its rottolis, containing about 12 pounds. And for gold, its chego, containing 4 carats. The same are used in the Portuguese East Indies.
Italy, and particularly Venice, have their migliaro, con taining 4 mirres ; the mirre containing 30 Venice pounds ; the saggio, containing a sixth part of an ounce. Genoa has five kinds of weights, viz.: large weights, whereby all mer chandizes are weighed at the custom-houses ; cash weights for piasters, and other specie ; the cantara, or quintal, for the coarsest commodities; the large balance for raw silks, and the small balance for the fine commodities. Sicily has its rottolo, equal to pounds of Messina.
Germany, Flanders, Holland, the Ilanse-towns, Sweden, Denmark, Poland, &c., have their sehippondt, which, at Antwerp and Ilamburgh, is 300 pounds; at Lubeck, 320; and at Konigsberg, 400 pounds. In Sweden the schip pondt for copper is 320 pounds; and the schippondt for pro visions 400 pounds. At Riga and Revel, the schippondt is 400 pounds; at Dantzic, 310 pounds; in Norway, 300 pounds ; at Amsterdam, 300, containing 20 lysponts, each weighing 15 pounds. In Moscow they weigh their large commodities by the bercheroct, or berkewits, containing 400 of their pounds. They have also the poet, or poetic, con taining 40 pounds, or one-tenth of the bcrcheroct.
In order to show the proportion of the several weights used throughout Europe, we shall add a reduction of them to one standard, viz.: the London pound.
Proportion of the Weights of the principal Places in Europe.
The 100 lb. of England, Scotland, and Ireland, are equal to lb. oz.
91 8 of Amsterdam, Paris, &c. 06 8 of Antwerp or Brabant.
88 0 of Rouen, the viscounty weight. 106 0 of Lyons, the city weight.
90 9 of Rochelle.
The Swedish pound, which is divided like the English apothecary's, or l'roy pound, weighs 6556 grains Troy.
The kanne of pure water, according to Bergman. weighs 42250 Swedish grains, and occupies 100 Swedish cubic inches. Hence the kanne of pure water weighs 48088.719444 English Troy grains, or is equal to 189.9413 English cubic inches; and the Swedish longitudinal inch is equal to 1.238435 English longitudinal inch.
Front these data the following rules are deduced : 1. To reduce Swedish lonITitudinal inches to English, multiply by 1.2384, or divide by 0.80747.
2. To reduce Swedish to English cubic inches, multiply by 1.9, or divide by 0.5265.
3. To reduce the Swedish pound, ounce, drachm, scruple, or grain, to the corresponding English Troy denomination, multiply by 1.1382, or divide by 0.8786.
4. To reduce the Swedish kannes to English wine pints, multiply by 0.1520207, or divide by 6.57504.
5. The lod, a weight sometimes used by Bergman, is the 32d part of the Swedish pound : therefore. to reduce it to the English Troy pound, multiply by .0=7, or divide by 25.1156.
Correspondence of English Weights with those used in France before the Revolution.
The Paris pound (poids de mare of Charlemagne) contains 9216 Paris grains: it is divided into 16 ounces, each ounce into S gros, and each gros into 72 grains. It is equal to 7561 English Troy grains.
The English Troy pound of 12 ounces contains 5760 En. glish Troy grains, and is equal to 7021 Paris grains.
The English Avoirdupois pound, of 16 ounces, contains 7000 English Troy grains, and is equal to 853S Paris grains.
The following is a Table of Weights, according to the new French system : Names. French value. English value.
Miltier i 1000 kilogrammes = 1 1 , A – .tu cwts. ton Quintal 100 kilogrammes.. = 1.97 cwts.
Wei(rlit of one cubic de Kilortramme...
cimeter of water of the 2.6S03 lbs. troy. 2D temperature of 12' 2.5055 lbs. avoir.
Fahrenheit • ozs. troy.
Hectogramme of kilogramme... = ,,', , • 1 .).:) ozs. avoir.
Deeagramme of kilogramme .. = 6.-13 dwts. troy.
15.4:35 grs. troy.
Gramme. ... of kilogramme .. = 0.643 d wt.
0.032ounce troy Decigram me 10, 1 00 of kilogramme .. = 1.543S grains troy. See also the article MEASURE.