55. Wilful Fouls.—If, in the opinion of the referee, a player commits an ordinary foul wilfully, the referee shall at once order him out of the water until a goal has been scored. It shall be considered a wilful foul to start before the word Go,' to deliber ately waste time, or for a player to take up a position within a yard of his opponents' goal.
Note.—In the event of a referee ordering a player out of the water and such player refusing, the game shall be stopped, and the match awarded to the other side, and the offending player reported to his Association. The International Board has recently decided (1903) that the player moving from his position after the whistle has blown is to be deemed guilty of a wilful foul.
16. Penalties.—The penalty for each foul shall be a free throw to the opposing side from the place where the foul occurred. A goal cannot be scored from a free throw unless the ball has been handled (viz. played with the hand below the wrist) by at least one other player.
17. Penalty Throw.—A player wilfully fouled when within four yards of his opponents' goal-line shall be awarded a penalty throw, and the player who commits the offence must be ordered out of Use water until a goal has been scored. The penalty throw shall be taken from any point on the four-yard line. In the case of a penalty throw it shall not be necessary for the ball to be handled by any other player before a goal can be scored, but any player within the four-yard line may intercept the penalty throw.
18. Declaring Fouls.—The referee shall declare a foul by blow ing a whistle and exhibiting the colour of the side to which the free throw is awarded. The player nearest to where the foul oc curred shall take the throw. The other players shall remain in their respective positions from the blowing of the whistle until the ball has left the hand of the player taking the throw. In the event of one or more players from each team committing a foul so nearly at the same moment as to make it impossible for the referee to dis tinguish who offended first, he shall have the ball out of the water and throw it in as nearly as possible at the place where the fouls occurred, in such a manner that one member of each team may have equal chance of playing the ball. In such cases the ball must be
allowed to touch the water before it is handled, and must be handled (i.e. played with the hand below the wrist) by more than one player before a goal can be scored.
19. Goal-keeper.—The goal-keeper may stand to defend his goal, and must not throw the ball beyond half-distance ; the penalty for doing so shall be a free throw to the opposing side from half-distance at either side of the field of play. The goal keeper must wear a red cap.. He must keep within four yards of his own goal or concede a free throw from the four-yard line to his nearest opponent. The goal-keeper is exempt from clauses (a), (c), and (f) in rule 14, but he may be treated as any other player when in possession of the ball. Except when injury or illness compels him to leave the water (when Rule 23 shall apply), the goal-keeper can only be changed at half-time.