WATER-POLO The game of water-polo has perhaps done more during recent years to popularise and to cause an interest to be taken in swimming than any other branch of the sport. It is essentially a game for swimmers, and one that affords no lack of oppor tunity for the exhibition of skill and the development of staying power. Its practice tends to improve the speed rates of all those who participate in the pastime, as well as to incul cate in the minds of its followers good ideas as to the best methods of obtaining command over the water. In long-dis tance swims only one style of swimming is, as a rule, adopted, but in water-polo the rapid changes of position which are necessary compel players to constantly alter their style. This is in itself a beneficial phase of the game, and one which teaches a swimmer how complete may become his power.
It was not for this reason, as may be easily imagined, that the game was first promoted, but merely for the purpose of providing something new and attractive at swimming galas ; and with this view, on May 12, 187o, a committee was appointed by the Swimming Association, then known as the London Swimming Association, to draw up a code of rules for the management of the game of football in the water.' As recently as 1887, in an American work on Swimming and Life-saving,' water-polo was described under the heading of Ornamental Swimming.' Prior to 1877, various attempts were .made by individual swimmers to arrange some kind of ball game in the water, and at many entertainments and swimming matches what was termed water base-ball was played, the sides usually consisting of not more than three players.
There were a few matches played in 1876, but it is difficult to obtain definite particulars, as but few of them were reported. The Rowing Club at Bournemouth played in that year, and it is interesting to note the method in which these almost pre historic games were played at a time when most of the present exponents were in the nursery or at school. A newspaper of that period informs us that the Bournemouth Premier Rowing Club carried out the first of a series of aquatic hand ball matches ' on Thursday, July 13, 1876, off the pier.
Curiously enough, there were seven competitors on each side, and the goals were marked by four flags, moored at the west of the pier, so yards apart.' After a severe struggle,' the ball burst ; but the players, nothing daunted, and properly habited, displayed their aquatic accomplishments for some time.' A week later, so another newspaper-cutting informs us, twelve members of the club proceeded in rowing galleys, and took up a position near their goals, which were marked out by flags describing an oblong of 6o yards by 4o yards. All being ready, an india-rubber ball, evidently the inside of an ordinary football, was placed in the centre between the parties, and a signal given, upon which both crews sprang with commendable agility from their galleys and struck out for the ball of conten tion.' The report goes on to describe the battle, during which an incident occurred recalling the method adopted under their old rules by the Scotch goal-keepers. One player got a lucky hit which sent the ball back from his goal several yards, and it seemed as if his crew were, for a time, to have their own way;' but a player on the other side, who, instead of jumping in with his party, in the first instance, remained in his goal as backstock, now plunged in and reinforced his crew, who, after a short but obdurate tussle, turned the tide again in their favour. Again the ball burst, and, another not being forth coming, the game was suspended.' Among those who were prominent in play were 0. C. Mootham, W. J. and E. Worth, F. T. Cutler, H. Nash, H. Harvey, and J. A. Nethercoate, afterwards highly respected and law-abiding burgesses of the borough of Bournemouth. In these games it is amusing to note the length of the play, the size of the goals, the thin rubber ball that naturally could not last through the severe castigation it received, and the term backstock,' evidently coined from the writer's own imagination.