VIREO. The fly catchers, are among our most useful and innocent birds. The principal species are red-eyed vireo, -1". olviace,ous; the warbling vireo, V. gams; the white-eyed vireo, depending upon the moisture of the season; suc cess evidently depends rather upon its physical quality. The conviction is gradually gaining ground that all grape soils should be, artificially drained, unless they actually rest on an extremely porous strata; deep culture, or rather deep prep aration of the ground, is also strongly recom mended in connection with draining, the two operations being of much benefit only when simultaneously performed; draining being of little value unless the soil is deeply cultivated, and deep culture of but little value unless the land is drained. The effect of elevation upon the health of the vine is considered as favorable; the reports are nearly unanimous on this point. Not only are high lands more favorably disposed to drainage facilities, but the greater immunity from late spring and early fall frosts is of vast importance. Localities contiguous to large bodies
of water are pre-eminently favored in this respect, but small streams in sheltered valleys have an injurious rather than a beneficial influ ence. The returns are entirely unanimous in regard to the failure of the foreign grape in V. ooreborocensis; the solitary vireo, V. so/itirritts and the yellow-throated vireo, V. flavifrons. The species are all trim, delicate in plumage, indefatigable in the pursuit, of insects, and should be protected so they _may feel entirely at home about the house, barns,garden and orchard.
ER. Clentatk The com mon Virgin's-bower, C. Virginio no, from its habit of climbing to the tops of young trees and cov ering them with gossamer-like blossoms. The whole species are perennial herbs or vines, a little woody and climbing by the twisting of the leaf stalk. The following species are native North. except C. cyli pa' rica, which occurs at Norfolk, Va. and South. Northern species are, C. ochroleuca, C. viorna and C. Pitelieri.