ALEXANDER I., al-ex-ad-der. x. Son of Amyntas, tenth king of Macedonia : he killed the Persian ambassadors for their behaviour to the women at his father's court : he first made the Macedonians prominent : he reigned 43 years, and died 455 D.C. 2. ALEXANDER II. son of Amyntas II., and king of Macedonia, was murdered by his younger brother Ptolemy, 367 B.C. 3. ALEXANDER III., or the GREAT, son of Philip and Olympias, born 356 Lc., on the night when Diana's temple at Ephesus was bbrnt by Eratostratus, which conflagration, with many other prodigies at and before his birth, was taken as an omen of his future greatness. He was educated by Aristotle, and charged with the government at 15, during the absence in war of his father, whom he soon after followed to the field, and whose life he saved in battle. Offended at Philip's divorce of Olympias for Cleopatra, he withdrew to his mother, but was soon recalled ; and, on Philip being murdered, 336, he avenged his death. He conquered Thrace and Illyricum, and de stroyed Thebes, and, at the head of all the forces of Greece, invaded Asia, 334 ; defeated Darius at the Granicus ; conquered Asia Minor ; again defeated Darius at Issus, 333, and Arbela, 331 ; took Tyre after a siege of seven months, putting all to the sword ; con quered Egypt, Media, Syria, and Persia ; was saluted as a god at the temple of Jupiter Amman, and built Alexandria as bis capital of an immense empire, to extend from the Medi terranean to the Ganges. He invaded India, 327, where his conquests were checked by King Porus (q. v.); and, after invading Scythia, and visiting the Indian Ocean, 326, he entered Baby/on, 325, where, as foretold by the magicians, he died, universally regretted, 323, aged 32, after reigning x2 years 8 months. His sudden death was ascribed to poisoning by Antipater, and excess of drinking. Many conspiracies had been formed against him by his officers, but discovered. The wife of Darius, who, with her children, had been kindly treated by Alexander, killed herself on hearing of his death. Alexander was very brave and truthful, but proud, and, at times, cruel. He forbade any one to make his statue but Lysippus, and any one to paint his por trait but Apelles. When dying, he gave his ring to Perdiccas, as if to name him successor, and declared to his officers that the worthiest among them should succeed him. At first it was determined to name his brother Philip Aridmus regent, till Roxane, then pregnant by Alexander, should give birth to a legitimate heir ; but the generals quarrelled among them selves. All Alexander's family and infant children were put to death by Cassander (q.v.). (See PERD/CCAS, EUMENES, PTOLEMY,
ANTIPATER, CRATERUS, SELEUEUS, ANTIGO. NUS, LYSIMACHUS, LEONATVS.) 4. A son of Alexander IlI,, by Rozane, killed by c.44.
sander. 5. A king of Corinth, killed on resto ration of Telestes. 6. A son of King Cassander, of Macedonia, joint king with Antipater, and killed by Demetrius. 7. Mot...mats, t/25-/os' sus, a king of Epirus, succeeded Arybas ; banished Timolaus, and warred with the Romans in Italy. 8. A king of Epirus, son of Pyrrhus ; conquered Macedonia, and, after being expelled by Demetrius, again gained it by aid of the Acarnanians. 9. A king of Syria, expelled by Nicanor and his father-in-law, Ptolemy Philometer. xo. BALA, bee-la, a merchant, succeeded Demetrius as king of Syria ; conquered Nicanor, by whose son, Antiochus Gryphus, he was killed. ii. PTOLEALEUS, plii-i-mtd-us, raised to the throne by his mother Cleopatra, reigned in Egypt with his brother Ptolemy Lathurus : Cleopatra expelled, but again recalled him ; he soon after killed her, and was himself killed by a subject. rz. PTOLEIVLEUS II., son of Ptolcrumus I.: educated in Cos: was, when king of Egypt, made prisoner by Mithridates, but escaped, and was restored to his throne by Sulla, but murdered in a few days by his sub jects. 23. PTOLEALEUS III., succeeded his brother (Ptolemmus II.); was, after a peaceful reign, banished by his subjects, and died, 65 Lc., at Tyre, bequeathing Egypt to the Romans. 14. An Epicurean philosopher. 15. A governor of ./Eolia. x6. PARIS, Isfir'-z:s (q.v.), son of Priam. 17. JANNJEUS, fan-ad us, king of Judma, son of Hyrcanus, after a cruel reign, died of excess of drinking, 79 B.C. 18. A Paphlagonian magician, friend of M. Aurelius. 19. A Carian commentator on Ari stotle, of the 3rd century A.D. 29. TRALLIA NUS, tral-li-a'-nus, a philosopher and physician of the 4th century A.D. 20. A poet of ZEtolia,. temp. Ptolemy Philadelphus. 21. A Peripa tetic, preceptor to Nero. 22. PoLvntaron, NI-jidzis'-tor, liar. 88 B.C., wrote on the Roman republic and Pythagoreanism. 23. A poet of Ephesus. 24. A sophist of Seleucia, ientft. Antoninus. 25. .A physician, temp. Justin:an. 26. A son of Lysimachus. 27. A Lycian governor. 28. A poet of Pleuron. A Spartan general, killed, with 20o of his soldiers, when trying to prevent the Argives passing through the country of Tegea. 30. A tyrant of Pherm, warred with the Mace donians, took Pelopidas prisoner, and was murdered by his wife Thebe, 357 B.C. 31. SEVERUS, se-ve'-rus (q.v., z), the Roman em peror.