DEMETER, di-17W-ter (See CERES). I. Surnamed Poliorcetes, (Me besieger), son of AntigrmuS and Stratonice, was at 22 sent by his father against Ptolemy I., who had invaded Syria. He was at first defeated, 312 B C., but soon gained a victory. With no ships he sailed to Athens, to which he restored liberty by expelling the garrison of Demetrius Phalereus, 307. His success roused the jealousy of Alexander's other successors, and Seleucus, Cassander, and Lysim5chus united to destroy Antigonus and Demetrius. Antigonus fell in a battle at Ipsus, 3or, and Demetrius retired to Ephesus, but soon after ravaged the territories of Lysi machus. He was reconciled to Seleucus, who married his daughter Stratonice, 299, and he again relieved Athens from tyranny, 295. By the murder of Alexander's son Cassander, he gained the Macedonian throne, 294, from which, in 287, he was expelled by Pyrrhus ; he again attacked Lysimachus, but, as his army suffered from famine and pestilence, he had to retire to Seleucus,with whom, after a time, he quarrelled, and, after some successes, was made prisoner, 286, but treated very leniently. After three years' imprisonment, he died, 283, and his body was given up to his son Antigonus. His posterity held the Macedonian throne till Per seus was conquered by the Romans. Deme trius was a skilful soldier, and invented many military engines. He was distinguished for his filial affection, but was fond of dissipation. 2. DEMETRIUS II. succeeded his father Anti gnus Gonatas on the Macedonian throne, 239 B.c., and, in 229, was succeeded by Anti gonus Doson. 3. A son of King Philip V. of Macedonia, was a hostage to the Romans, and put to death by his father on a false accusation by his brother Perseus, At B.c. 4. DEMETRIUS I. al Syria, SOTER, so-ter, son of Seleucus PhIlopa tor and grandson of Antiiichits the Great, king of Syria, was a hostage of the Romans. After his father's death, the throne was usurped by his uncle Anti6chusEpiplAnes, who was succeeded by his son Antiochus Eupator. Demetrius fled from Rome, and put himself at the head of the troops as king, 162 B. c., and put Eupator and Lysias to death. Alexander Bala, the son of Antiochus Epiphanes, claimed the throne and killed him, I50 B.C. 5. DEMETRIUS II. of Syria,
NICATOR, la-ca'-tor, was son of (4), and Suc ceeded him by aid of Ptolemy VI. Philometor, after driving out the usurper Alexander Bala, 146 B.C. He married Cleopatra, daughter of Ptolemy and wife of the expelled monarch, and gave himself up to voluptuousness. Dio d6rus Tryphon, a pretended son of Bala, seized Syria, 143. Demetrius allied with the Jews, and marched to the East, 140, where he was taken by the Parthian king Phraates, 138, who gave him in marriage his daughter RhodogTne. Cleopatra, incensed, married her brother-in law, Sidetes, who was soon after killed in battle with the Parthians, and Deme trius regained his kingdom, 128 ; but his Subjects appealed to King Ptolemy Physcon, of Egypt, and Demetrius fled to Ptolemais, which was held by Cleopatra ; she refused to admit him, and he then fled to Tyre, where he was killed by the governor's orders, 125. Alexander Zebina succeeded him. 6. EUCIERUS, ez7-ced-rus, son of Anti9chus Gryphus, seized Damascus, 93 B,C. ; was taken by the Parthians, and died in captivity. 7. PHALEREUS,ftha-m rezes, a disciple of Theophrastus, was made governor of Athens by Cassander, 307 B.c., but had to fly on its surrender to(/), in 307, and took refuge with Ptolemy I. Lagus, 296, on whose death he was made prisoner by Philadelphus (Lagus' son by Berenice) for having advised Ptolemy to raise to the throne his children by Eurydice in preference to those by Berenice, whereon he killed himself by the bite of an asp, 283; his works on history and rhetoric are lost. 8. A Cynic philosopher, tem,h. Cali gula, was a disciple of Apollonius Tylineus, and was banished for insulting the emperor. DEMOCEDES, de-mli-ce-des, a celebrated physician of Crotona, son of CallIphon, was intimate with Polycrgtes, with whom he was car ried prisoner from Samos to Darius I., 522 B. c., and acquired great reputation. When sent by the king into Greece as a spy, he fled to Crotona, and married a daughter of the wrestler Milo. DEMOCHARES, de-mkg-ar-es, an orator, ambassador from Athens to King Philip of Macedonia, to whom, when asked his demands, he said, "Hang yourself." He was sent away unharmed.