GORTYNA, gordjl-na, a town of Crete. GORTYNIA, gor-IY-sel-a, a town of Emathia. GOTHI, GOTHONES, Or GUTTONES, guff-0'41es (-um), a warlike nation of Germany. at the mouth of the Vistula, assailed the Greek provinces of the Roman empire, and, tent¢. Aurelian, won Dada ; they then branched into the eastern Goths, or Ostrogoth:, who settled in Pannonia and Mce sia, and the western Goths, or Visigoths, who plundered Rome under their king Alaric, 41o. Subsequently the Visigoths settled in Gaul and Spain, and the Ostrogoths, under their king Theodoric the Great, gained all Italy, 493. GRACCHUS, grad-ches. 1. TIBERIUS SEM PRONIUS, sens-,preV-ni-ns, won over Spain, 179 B.C. ; was tribune, twice consul, and once censor, and was distinguished for his integrity, prudence, and ability. He married the virtuous, pious, and learned Cornelia, of the Scipio family. She educated her sons, the GRACCH!, Tiberius Sempronins and C. Sem pronius, who became famous for their eloquence and attachment to the popular party. Tiberius, as tribune of plebs, renewed the agitation on the Liciuian law, which was passed 133 B.C. ; and he, with his father-in law Appius Claudius and brother Caius, was appointed to distribute the lands. The rich bequests of King Attalus were peacefully apportioned ; but, in the mo ment of success, when about to be re-elected tribune, that, from the sacredness of his office, his person might be safe from his enemies, he was killed in the midst of his adherents. Caius
supported also the popular cause with more vehemence ; he was tribune of plebs 123 B.C. and The patricians were exasperated against him, and instigated his colleague, M. Livius Drusus, to propose more popular measures, which made the popularity, of Caius wane. He lost the election for the tribuneship for 121, and, as soon as he had resigned at the end of 122, Opimius began to repeal his laws. In the tumult that ensued, Caius fled to the temple of Diana, and then to the grove of the Furies, where he was, by his own orders, killed by his slave. His body was thrown into the Tiber, and his wife forbidden to wear mourning. More than 3,000 of his supporters perished with him. 2. SEMPRoNmS, was banished to Africa for adultery with Au gustus's daughter Julia ; and, fourteen years after, killed by Tiberius's orders. 3. Tie. SEMP., distinguished himself in the second Punic war, and was killed in battle with Mago at Campi Veteres, in Lucania, 212 B.C.