HARPYLE, har-e-f-ID, three winged monsters —the Harpies—Act/a, OcylVia, and Celevia, daughters of Neptune and Terra. Each had the head of a woman, the body of a vulture, and the feet and fingers armed with sharp claws. They emitted an infectious smell. The Harpies were sent by Juno to plunder the tables of Phineus ; whence they were driven to the Strophades by Zethes and Calais ; and they plundered IEneas during his voyage to Italy, and foretold many of his calamities. HARUSPEX, -fr..; the soothsayer who drew omens for the Romans by consulting the entrails of beasts that were sacrificed. The order was first established by Romulus, and the first haruspices were from Etruria, where the art of divination was cultivated, and they were instructed by a boy 'rages, who was sprung from a clod of earth. There were originally three, but the Senate annually sent six (or twelve) noble youths to be instructed in Etruria. The Haruspex observed especially four thins, the beast before it was sacrificed, its entrails, the flames which consumed the sacrifice, and the flour, frankincense, &c. If the beast was led to the altar with difficulty, or bellowed, or died in agonies, the omen was unfortunate. If anything was wanting in ternally, or if it had a double liver or lean heart, or if the entrails fell from the hands of the Haruspex, or were besmeared with much blood, or if no heart appeared (as in the two victims sacrificed. by Julius Cmsar a little be fore his murder), the omen was equally unfa vourable. When the flame was quicklykindled, and violently consumed the sacrifice, or arose pure, bright, and pyramid-like, without any paleness, smoke, sparkling, or crackling, the omen was favourable ; but unfavourable when the fire was kindled with difficulty, or expired before the sacrifice was consumed, or rolled in circles round the flesh, with intermediate spaces between the flames. As regarded the frank
incense, meal, water, and wine, if there was any deficiency in the quantity, quality, or colour, or if anything was done irregularly, it was inauspicious. This custom of consulting the entrails prevailed among the Greeks, Egyptians, Chaldeans, &c., as well as Romans. HASDRUBAL, had-el/lib-AZ. I. A Cartha ginian general, son-in-law of Hainilcar l3arca, on whose death, 229 B.c., having distinguished himself in the Numiclian war, he was appointed commander-in-chief, and for eight years pre sided with much prudence and valour over Spain, where he built Carthago Nova. He was killed among his soldiers, 221, by a slave, whose master he had killed. 2. Son of Ha niilcar liarca, was left in Spain by his brother Hannibal, 218, where he campaigned against the two Scipios, and set out, 207, to reinforce Hannibal in Italy. His despatches had been intercepted by the Romans ; and, after crossing the Alps and entering Italy, he was attacked by the consuls M. Livius Salinator and Claudius Nero, near the Metaurus, defeated, and killed. His head was cut off, and, a few days after, thrown into the camp of Hannibal. 3. Son of Giscon, was one of the generals along with (z) in Spain when Hannibal was in Italy. With Scyphax's aid he made head against the Romans in Africa, but was defeated by Scipio. He died 206 n.c. 4. A Carthaginian general, at the head of 20,000 men, was defeated in Africa by Scipio in the third Punic war, and his camp taken. He fled to the Romans; and, when he begged for mercy, was shown by Scipio to the Carthaginians ; on which his wife, with imprecations, flung herself and two children into the flames of the temple of 2Esculapius, which she and others had set on fire.