ANTONIUS GNIPHO, M., ern-a-lif-ris t. A poet of Gaul, taught rhetoric at Rome. 2. An orator, grandfather of the triumvir Anto nius (6), fell in the civil war's of Marius. 3. M., eldest son of the preceding, obtained, by means of Cotta and Cethegus, from the Senate the office of managing the corn on the coasts of the Mediterranean, and was noted for extortion. 4. M., a son of (z), plundered Achaia, was carried before the prwtor, M. Lucullus, and expelled from the Senate by the censors for pillaging the allies. 5. A son of the preceding, was consul with Cicero, and took part against Catiline's conspiracy: fought with ill success against the Dardani, in Mace donia ; and, on his return, was banished. 6. M., Me Triumvir, born about 83 B.C., grand son of (2), and son of (4), was tribune of the plebs, 49 : he was hoitile to Cicero, from his having put to death his stepfather, Corn. Lentfilus, for being cohterned in Catiline's conspiracy.At thi outbreak of the civil war, he fled to Cesar, 49 at Pharsatia, 48, he commanded the left wing, and offered Cesar diadem, 4d, in the presence of the Roman people : and tie pronounced the funeral oration over Czsar's corpse. He besieges) D. Erutus in Mutina ; was voted an enemy by the Senate ; and defeated by the'consuls Hirtius and Pansa, 43, and by Octavius Caesar (Augustus), who soon after joined his interests with those of Anto nius and Lepidus, and formed the celebrated se cond Triumvirate, Antonius receiving the East in the division of the empire. He repudiated his wife Fulvia to marry Octavia, Octavius's sister ; assisted Octavius at Philippi, 4a; and buried magnificently his foe, M. Brutus. In
the East he fell in love with Queen Cleopatra, of Egypt, for whom he repudiated Octavia, 37: this incensed Octavius ; both prepared for war, and met at Actium, 31, in a naval en gagement, when Cleopatra fled with sixty sail, and Antonius immediately followed. Anto nius and Cleopatra went to Egypt, where, after seeing the defection of his friends and the arrival of his conqueror, the triumvir stabbed himself, 3o, and Cleopatra killed her self by (it is said) the bite of an asp. Anto nius left seven children by his three wives. He is often represented as Hercules (from whom he clahned descent), with Cleopatra as Omphale. He was brave, but vain, extrava gant, voluptuous, and fond of low company. 7. son of preceding, by Fulvia, was consul with Paulus Fabius Maximus, xo B.C., and killed by Augustus's orders, A.D. 2, for adul tery with Julia. 8. L., brother of (6), was besieged in Perusia by Augustus, and ob liged to surrender from famine, 4o : his life was spared. 9. FELIX, a freedman of Claudius, made governor of Judma, married Drusilla, daughter of (6) and Cleopatra. to. FLAMMA,flam'-ma, a Roman condemned for extortion, ternP. Vespasian. rx. MUSA, nzie-sa, a physician of Augustus. 12. MERENDA, nar-en'-ela, a decemvir at Rome, 45o E.C. 23. Q. M., a military tri bune, 422 B.C.