CATO, M. PORCIUS, foe-a-us, after.
wards CENSOR1US, Cen-Si-el-us (or the Censor), from his having held that office ; born 234 B.C., was qumstor under Africanus against Carthage, and fought against the Celtiberians and Greece. He was famous for his temperance, and when censor he behaved very rigorously, and opposed all private luxury and public malad ministration : he was hostile to the introduction of Greek refinement to Italy (see CARNEADES); but later changed his opinion and studied Greek: he was deemed so strict a moralist that Virgil makes hint (or Cato 4) a judge in the world be low. He was the cause of the Third Punic War. He left orations, letters, a work, Origins, on the history of Rome, and an extant treatise De Re Rustick. Cato died in extreme old age, about 15o B.C. 2. M., son of (1), married the daughter of P. /Emilius. 3. A courageous Roman, grandfather of (1). 4. M. UricENsis, lit-1.cen'-sis (from his death at ; born 95 B. c. great-grandson of (1), was a Stoic, austere in his morals and careless of his public dress : he was of such candour that the veracity of Cato became proverbial : he was suspicious of the conduct of Pompey, but not himself inclined to take office till he saw a worthless candidate, when he himself applied for the tri buneship, 63. He supported Cicero against the Catilinarians, and opposed the decree by which Cmsar got Gaul for five years ; he was sent to Cyprus against Ptolemy by his enemies, who hoped the difficulty of the expedition would injure his reputation ; but Ptolemy sub mitted, and Cato on his return was offered a triumph, which he declined. Cato opposed
strenuously the first triumvirate, Cmsar, Pom pey, Crassus ; he was made prmtor, but could not obtain the consulship : when Cmsar crossed the Rubicon, it was by his advice that the Senate entrusted Pompey with the care of the state ; he followed Pompey to Dyrrhachlum, 49, was set over fifteen cohorts, and, after Pharsalia, commanded the Corcyrean fleet. On hearing of Pompey's death, he went to Africa, marched through Libya to join Scipio, and, after his defeat, fortified himself in Utica, where, on Cmsar's approach, he stabbed himself after reading Plato's treatise on the immortality of the soul, 46. Cato divorced his first wife, Atilia, for her licentiousness ; his second, Marcia, daughter of Philip, he lent for a time to his friend Hortensius. 5. A son of (4), fell in a battle after he had acquired much honour. 6. VALEMUS, va-ter'-f-us, a grammarian of Gallia Narbonensis, taught at Rome temp. Sulla, and wrote some poems.
CArrt, cae-ti, a people of Gaul and Germany.