DOUGH (do), (Heb. per, bow-tsake', swelling from fermentation, Exod. 39; Jer. vii:18, etc.).
The Israelites subsisted for a month on the bread prepared from the dough which they brought with them in their kneading troughs on their shoulders (Exod. xii:34). In Oriental countries the process of fermentation is often dispensed with.
DOVE (dtiv), (Heb. yo-naw' ; Gr. repurrepd,, per-is-ter-ah').
Four species of wild pigeons are found in Bible lands, the ring dove, or wood pigeon, the stock dove, the rock dove, and the ash-rumped rock dove. They are all known by the name of hamdm in Arabic.
All pigeons in their true wild plumage have iridescent colors about the neck, and often re flected flashes of the same colors on the shoulders, which are the source of the silver and gold feathers ascribed to them in poetical diction ; and thence the epithet of couple bestowed upon them all, though most applicable to the vinous and slaty colored species. The coasts and territory of Syria are noted for the great number of doves frequenting them, though they are not so abun dant there as in the Coh-i-Suleiman chain near the Indus. Syria possesses several species of pigeon: The Columba (Enos, or stock-dove, C. Pal:out/us, or ring-dove. C. Do»zestica, Livia, the common pigeon in several varieties, such as the Barbary, Turkish or Persian carrier, crisp, and shaker. These are still watched in their flight in the same manner as anciently their number, gyra tions, and other maneuvers were observed by soothsayers. The wild species, as well as the
turtle-doves, migrate from Palestine to the south ; but stock and ring-doves are not long absent.
By the Hebrew law, however, doves and turtle doves were the only birds that could be offered in sacrifice, and they were usually selected for that purpose by the less wealthy (Gen. xv :9; Lev. v :7; xii :6; Luke ii :24) ; and to supply the demand for them dealers in these birds sat about the precincts of the Temple (Matt. xxi :12. etc).
C. H. S.
Figurative. (1) The dove is the harbinger of reconciliation with God (Gen. viii :8, TO, etc). (2) It is also a noted symbol of tender and de voted affection (Cant. i:15; ii :14, etc.). (3) It was the especial symbol of the Holy Spirit which descended upon our Saviour at his bap tism, visibly with that peculiar hovering motion which distinguishes the descent of a dove (Matt. iii:t6; Mark i :to; Luke :22; John i :32), and also of the meekness, purity, and splendor of right eousness. (4) The ten tribes of Israel were like a silly dove without heart; when, by means of the Assyrian oppression, and their own civil broils, they were weakened, perplexed, dispirited, and took no care to avoid their ruinous afflictions (Hos. vii :11). (5) To mourn like doves is to lament in the most bitter and desperate manner (Is. xxxviii :14, and lix :it ; Nah. ii :7).