The most precious treasures revealed at Bu bastis are the inscriptions of the XVIIIth Dynasty and of the Hyksos monuments. Declared the prophet Ezekiel : "The young men of Aven and of Pi-Beseth (i.e., Bubastis) shall fall by the sword; and these cities shall go into captivity" (Ezek. xxx :17). The name of Mencptah oc curs several times upon the monuments; and the explorer also disinterred the first Hyksos statue ever found with the head-dress complete; and then another Hyksos statue. Near to the latter statue, now in the British Museum, was found the name that signifies his standard—• Apepi—the last of the Hyksos kings, under whom Joseph entered Egypt. Bubastis adjoins what is now proved to have been "the land of Goshen," where Jacob settled.
(6) Tell-el-Amarna. The tablets found at Tell el-Amarna (see TELL AM ARNA) reveal to us much of the court and diplomatic life of the XVIllth Dynasty, when Israel prospered in Egypt, and shows how Semitic influence and Semitic offi cials were in favor particularly with Amenophis IV, who was known in Egyptian history as Khuen atcn, the heretic, because he worshiped the sun's disk. With the XIXth Dynasty came the king "that knew not Joseph" (Exod. i :8), when Israel, getting too strong numerically, passed under the harrow.
A tablet disinterred at Laehish, the city of the Ammonites captured by Joshua. bears the name of Zimrida, the governor of Lachish, the very man mentioned in the Tell-el-Amarna tablets. So not only do the Tell-el-Amarna tablets estab lish the existence of Lachish, but Lachish testifies to the existence of the tablets at that time. (See LAcuisn). (Prof. A. H. Sayce.) 9. Egypt After the Exodus. After the Israel ites had gone up out of Egypt there were no friendly relations with Egypt till the time of Solomon ( t Kings iii ).
(1) Shishak. Under the reign of Shishak. or Shcshank. first king of the twenty-second dynasty, the Egyptians made an attack upon Jerusalem (2 Chron. xii :2-4). A list of the towns captured is given on a wall in Thebes. Among them is Beth horon, Ajalon, Megiddo, and Judah-mclek. which Dr. Birch considers to be the royal city of Judah, i. c. Jerusalem (Birch, Hist. of Egypt).
(2) Tirhakah. Tirhakah (2 Kings xix :9; Is. xxxvii :9), a king of the twenty-fifth dynasty is well known from Assyrian inscriptions. Ile had incited Tyre to rebel against the Assyrians, who consequently turned against Tirhakah and con quered him under Esar-haddon. The Egyptians
had offered help to the Jews if they would resist Assyria ; hut' the weakness of Egypt was well known, for Rah-shakeh. remembering the success ful attacks that Shalmaneser had made against dependencies of Egypt, taunted I lezekiah with the vanity of any hope based on Egyptian alliance. and called her king "a bruised reed" (2 Kings (3) Pharaoh Necho Two of the kings of the twenty-sixth dynasty are mentioned in the Bible, Pharaoh Necho and Pharaoh I lophra The first (2 Kings xxiii :29) met Josiah in battle at Megiddo, where Josiah was slain, and Jchoiakim, t'ic brother of whose real name was Eliakim. was made king in place of Jehonhaz, the lawful heir. The power of Pharaoh Nccho was soon broken by Nebuchadnezzar of Baby lon. and "the king of Egypt came not again any more out of his land" (2 Kings xxiv :7; Jer. xlvi).
(4) Pharaoh Hophra. Hophra assisted hoiakim and Zedekiah to rebel against Nebuchad nezzar (Jer. xliv). This brought about the con quest of Egypt by Babylon, and after a few years the prophecies of Ezekiel and Jeremiah regarding its destruction were fulfilled.
10. Literature. The following works may be consulted on Egypt : Egypt and Palestine Photo graphed and Described, 1870. 2 vols. roy. fol.; Wilkinson. Sir J. G., The Manners and Customs of the Ancient Egyptians, new edition by S. Birch. LL.D., London, 1879, 3 vols. 8vo; Brugsch-Bcy, Gcschichtc Aegypten's unicr den Pharaanen. Nach den f)enkmalern, Leipzig, 1877 ; Engl. translation, London. 2d ed., 188t, 2 F. \'igouroux, l.0 Bible et les deeouvertes modernes en Egypte et en .•1ssyrie, Paris. 1877, 2 vols. ; Ebers..leg,ypten Bild und Il'ort, Leipzig, 1879. On modern Egypt : Lane, The Modern Egyptians, 2 vols., London. 5th cd., 1871; Zinke, Egypt of the Pharaohs and the Khedive. Loud., 1873; Klun zinger, Upper Egypt, London. 1878. Nlaspero, llist. are. d. peup. de l'Or. class. (2 vols. 1895-06. trans!, SPCK); Ed. Meyer, Gcsch. d. Altcrt. (1884. 1893): do. Gesch. d. Alt. ,Eg. (1887) ; Er man, (passim); Petrie. !list of Eg.1, (1894. i8'Ji) ; Wiedemann, 'Egypt. Gesell. (1881 ff.) ; do. Gesch. v. Altag. (1891). with special ref. to Old Testament : Nlahaffy, Emp. of Ptols. (1895) ; Sayce, Parr. Palestine (1895). Translations in Records of the Past (first and second series). The Mon. and the Old recta/nod, Ira M. Price. His/. of Pab. and ilssyr., 1:01n. W . Rogers.