III. MADAL The Medes; people of Iran, to whom the Sanscrit language belonged ; primeval inhabitants of Hindustan.
IV. JAvAN. The Greeks, Asiatic and European. Iaones (Homer, Iliad, xiii :685).
Sons of Javan: (t) Elisha. Greeks especially of the Pclopon nesus; Hellas; Elis, in which is Alisium CAXelawv, Iliad, ii, 617).
(2) Tarshish. The east coast of Spain, where the Phcenician Canaanites afterwards planted their colony.
(3) Kittim. Inhabitants of the isles and many of the coasts of the Mediterranean, particularly the Macedonians and the Romans, and those far ther to the west.
(4) Dadanim (Rhodanim, t Chron. i :7). Do dona, a colony from which probably settled at the mouths of the Rhone, Rhodanus.
To this Javanian (Ionian) branch is attributed the peopling of 'the isles of the nations' (verse 5), a frequent Hebrew denomination of the western countries to which the Israelites, Tyrians, Egyp tians, etc., had access by sea.
(2) Sons of Ham. The word signifies heat or hot, alluding to the climes which the most of his posterity were to occupy ; it was also an indigen ous name of Egypt.
I. Cusx. The Ethiopians, first on the Arabian side of the Red Sea, then colonizing the African side, and subsequently extending indefinitely tc the west, so that Cushite (Jer. xiii :23) became the appellative of a negro.
Sons of Cush : (1) Scba. Joined with Mizraim and Cush (Is. xliii :3). evidently denoting contiguity and affinity. This tribe or class is probably referred to Suba. a native name of Meroe upon the Nile, in the far thest south of Egypt, or the beginning of Ethio pia.
(2) Havilah. Of this word vestiges are found in various names of places in Western Arabia, and the adjacent parts of Africa. ft is quite distinct from the Havilah (Gen. ii :it ) in or near Armenia, and probably from another (verse 29) in Arabia, unless we suppose a union of tribes, or one suc ceeded by the other.
(3) Sabtah. Sabota or Sabbatha is the name of an ancient trading town of Arabia.
(4) Raanzah. Sept. Rhegma (Alex. Rhegeh nza), which, changing € into n, is the name of a port which the rEgypto-Greek geographer Clau d:us Ptolemy (who flourished in the earlier part of the second century) places on the Arabian coast of the Persian Gulf To this place Dr. I3aumgarten (Kiel, 18.43) refers the name ; others take it to be Reama. a town of considerable im portance in the southwestern part of Arabia the Happy, whose inhabitants are remarkably black ; mentioned along with Sheba in Ezek. xxvii :22, as a place of rich Oriental traffic.
Two sons of this Raamah are mentioned. Sheba and Dedan. We find these in the subsequent Scriptures distinguished for trade and opulence (Ps. lxxii :To, 15; Kings x :I; Is. lx :6; Ezek. xxvii:i5, 20, 22). They both lie in the western part of Arabia. The queen of Sheba came to the court of Solomon. Dedan is not improbably con sidered as the origin of Aden, that very ancient seaport and island at the mouth of the Arabian Gulf or Red Sea, which has very recently risen into new importance.
(5) Nimrod, an individual (See NimRon). He built, besides Babel, his metropolis, three cities or towns in the great plain of Shinar—Erech, Ac cad, and Calneh. These were probably Aracca, or Arecha, on the Tigris; (some think Edessa) ; Sacada, near the confluence of the Lycus and the Tigris; and the third (Calno, Is. x:9) Chalonitis of the Greeks, afterwards called Ctesiphon, but much obscurity lies upon these conjectures.