The canonicity of this book has never been called in question (Keil, int. to O. T.; C. G. Cameron in Hastings' Bib. Diet.).
(6) Literature. A Paraphrase and Critical Commentary on the Prophecy of Joel, by Samuel Chandler, London, 1745 ; Die IVcissagung des Propheten Joel, tibersetzt lout erklart, von F. A. Holzhausen, Gottingen, 1829; Characteristik der Bibel, von Dr. A. H. Niemeyer, Halle, 1831. vol. v, pp. 295-3°2; Dr. Hengstenberg's Christology of the Old Testament. etc., transl. by Dr. R. Keith, Washington, 1839, vol. iii. pp. loo-141; PuseY, Minor Prophets, 186o; W. R. Smith, art. Joel in 9th ed. of Enc. Brit.; Farrar, Minor Prophets, tr3 sq.; Ewald, Prophets, Eng. tr. i. io7 sq.; Reuss At. 47 sq.; Nowack, 1897; G. A. Smith, Twelve Prophets, vol. it, 1898; Cheyne, Founders of O. T. Crit., 312; A. B. Davidson in Expositor, March, i&38; Gray, Expositor, Sept., 1893.
3. Joel, the Son of the Prophet Samuel (I Sam. viii:2; Chron. vi:33; xv:17). With his brother Abiah he was made judge of Beersheba, when old age prevented their father from longer making his circuit ; but they were corrupt and their judgments disgraced both them and their father. It was this conduct that brought about the change of the constitution of Israel to a mon archy. In Chron. vi :28 Vashni, mentioned with Abiah, has been substituted for Joel (B. C. to3o).
4. Joel, son of Azariah or Uzziah (I Chron. vi :36). The name, however, is supposed to be a corruption of Shaul (ver. 24)•
5. The head of one of the Simeonite families, who joined the expedition against the Hamites in the time of Hezekiah Citron. iv :35), B. C. 715.
6. A descendant of Reuben, but whether through Hanoch or Carmi is a disputed point (Burrington, G enrol. i :53; Chron. v :4, 81.
7. A Gadite chief of Bashan (1 Chron. v:12), B. C. about moo.
8. Son of Izrahiah of the tribe of Issachar, and one of David's military officers 0 Chron. vii :3), B. C. about moo.
9. Brother of Nathan and a member of David's guard (1 Chron. xi:38). In 2 Sam. xxiii :36 the name Igal is substituted (B. C. about t000).
/O. Chief of the Gershonites, who brought up the ark from the house of Obed-edom in the reign of David (i Chron. xv :7, 1).
//. A Gershonite Levite, son of Jehiel (1 Chron. xxvi:22), having charge of the treasures of the Temple under David. Probably the same as Joel, 9.
12. Son of Pedaiah and chief of the half-tribe of Manasseh on the west of the Jordan in the reign of David (1 Chron. xxvii:2o), B. C. about t000.
/3. A Kohathite Levite, one of the two rep resentatives of his tribe in the ceremonies preced ing the restoration of the Temple in the time of Hezekiah (2 Chron. xxix :12), B. C. 7t9.
14. "Son" of Nebo and one of those returning with Ezra, who had taken a foreign wife (Ezra x :43), B. C. 456.
15. A Benjamite, son of Zichri, commanding Judah and his own tribe at Jerusalem after the return from Babylon (Neh. xi:9).