PATTERN (pat' Cern).
1. Tab-neeth' (Heb. :1'2.;:11, figure, form), literally a structure, then a figure of anything, a copy or representation (Exod. xxv:9, 40; Josh. xxii:28; Chron. xxviii:t 1, 12, 18, 19).
2. Tok-neeth' (Heb. rr;?7, Ezek. xliii:to, only), an arrangement.
3. Afar-eh' (Heb. rI7L, an appearance, Num. viii:4, only), a pattern, a view.
4. Ifookorl't;ezte-mah (Gr. bracryiza, Heb. signifies properly a sketch, a model, as of the tab ernacle, an exemplar.
5. Hookot-ooft'o-sis (Gr. triro.r4irugris, outline, sketch), an example or pattern (I Tim. i:16).
6. Too'Pos (Gr. rinror, the mark of a stroke, print). In Tit. ii :7 it means example to be copied ; while it has the meaning (Heb. viii :5) of type, pattern.
PAU (pd'u), (Heb. Paw-ee', bleating), the capital city of Hadar, king of Edom (Gen. xxxvi: 39); called PA1 (1 Chron. 1:5o). Site is not known. PAUL (N.u1), (Gr. Halaos, Pazihes, originally Saul, (Heb. asked, IcaiXos, Saulos, asked for).
1. Name and Personal History. He was a native of Tarsus, a city of Cilicia (Acts xxii :3, etc.), and was of Jewish descent, of the tribe of Benjamin (Phil. :5). From his father he inherited the rights of Roman citizenship, which had probably been earned by some of his ancestry through services rendered to the Roman state (Lardner, Works, i, 228, ed. 1788, Svo; Grotius, ad Act. xxii:28). The supposition that he enjoyed them in virtue of being a native of Tarsus is not well founded.
At that time Tarsus was the rival of Athenh and Alexandria as a place of learning and philo sophical research (Strabo, xiv, 5) ; but to what ex tent the future 'Apostle of the Gentiles' enjoyed the advantage of its schools we have no means of accurately determining. It must be allowed, however, that the mere circumstance of having spent his early years in such a city as Tarsus could not but exert a very powerful influence on the mind of such a man as Paul, in the way of sharpening his faculties, refining his tastes, and enlarging the circle of his sympathies arid affec tions. (See TARsus.) (1) Early Life. But whatever uncertainty may hang over the early studies of the Apostle in the department of Greek learning, there can be no doubt that, being the son of a Pharisee, and destined, in all probability, from his infancy to the pursuits of a doctor of Jewish law, he would be carefully instructed from his earliest years in the elements of Rabbinical lore. It is probable
also that at this time he acquired his skill in that handicraft trade by which in later years he fre quently supported himself (Acts xviii :3; Cor. iv:12, etc.) ; for it was a maxim among the Jews, that 'he whodoes not teach his son a trade, teaches him to steal.' At the proper age (supposed to be after he was fourteen years old), the Apostle proceeded to Jerusalem, to prosecute his studies in the learn ing of the Jews. Here he became a student under Gamaliel, a distinguished teacher of the law, and who is supposed to be the person of that name who is celebrated in the writings of the Talmud ists as one of the seven teachers to whom the title 'Rabban' was given (Lightfoot, Horce Hcbr. in Act. v, 34 • Neander, Apostol. Zcitaltcr. u. s. w. s. 62; Otho,'Lex. Rabbinzco-Phil. title `Rabbi'). Be sides acquaintance with the Jewish law, and a sincere conviction of the supreme excellence of Judaism, Garnaliel appears to have possessed a singularly calm and judicious mind, and to have exercised a freedom of thought as well as pur sued a range of study very unlike wliat was com mon among the party to which he belonged (Acts v :34-39; comp. Neander, loc. cit.). How much the instructions and the example of such a teacher may have influenced the mind of Paul in a di rection favorable to the course he was subse quently called to pursue, it is easy for us to Imagine.
NVe now approach the period in Paul's history when he becomes a prominent figure on the page of the sacred historian, and when, consequently, the facts of his life can be more confidently nar rated. He is introduced to our notice by the sacred historian for the first time in connection with the martyrdom of Stephen, in which transac tion he was, if not an assistant, something more han a mcre spectator.