10. Ash-ee-shaw' (Heb. once translated 'flagon' only; in three passages 'flagon of seine;' and once 'flagon' with grapes joined to it in the original, as noticed in the margin (Hos. iii:t). The Sept. renders it in four different ways, viz. laganon aft° taganou, 'a cake from the frying-pan' (2 Sam. vi :19) ; in another part, which narrates the same fact, amoritan arton, 'a sweet cake of fine flour and honey' (t Chron. xvi :3) ; pemmata meta staphidos, 'a cake made with raisins' (Hos. iii:t), 'raisins' here corresponding to 'grapes' in the Hebrew; and by one copy anturtos, 'sweet cakes' (Cant. ii:5) ; but in others mums, 'un guents.' 11. Kho'ntets(Heb. Gr. lltor; see LEAVEN), rendered 'vinegar' e., sick or sour wine) in the common version. The modern Jews still employ this phrase to denote wine spoiled by acidity. It seems, however, in its general use, to have sig nified anciently a thin acidulated beverage, as well as to comprehend 'vinegar,' in the modern sense of the word. In Ruth ii a4, it is named as the drink of the reapers of Boaz, and probably corre sponded to the posca (from post-cscans) given to the Roman legions. A very small wine, called pcsca and sera (from sear, 'sour'), is still used by the harvesters in Italy and the Peninsula. This term is employed by the Psalmist in I xix :21, 'They gave me also gall for my meat ; and in my thirst they gave me vinegar to drink,'—a prediction actually fulfilled at the Crucifixion of the Messiah. Thus the iftos mingled with gall (Matt. xxvii:34) is the same as the olvos mingled with myrrh (Mark xv :23), a bitter substance (Rosa).
12. Oy'nos (Gr. o/porl, the Greek generic term for wine, from the Hebrew yah'yin. It compre hended new wine (apos vios), luscious wine (7Xekos), pure or unmingled wine ytKparoll, and a thin sour wine (6Zos). The adjective pios distinguished dims from raXaids, old wine (Matt. ix:17; Mark ii :22 ; Luke v:37). Florentinus, in the Geoponica, counsels the husbandman often to taste both his old and new wine, so that the slightest sign of acidity might be detected at its commencement (lib. cap. 7). In Luke v:37-8, 'No man putteth neos oinos into old bot tles, else the neos oinos will burst the bottles and be spilled, and the bottles shall perish; but neos oinos must be put into new bottles, and both are preserved,'—the allusion is to the large skin bot tles of the East, into which the fresh grape-juice (mustum or gleukos) was frequently put for pres ervation. (See BOTTLES.)
13. Glyoo'kos (Gr. nekos), must, in common usage, 'sweet' or 'new wine.' It only occurs once in the New Testament (Acts ii:t3).
Besides the various kinds we have considered, two other wines are mentioned in Scripture, which derive their name from the locality of their growth.
14. The [Vine of Helbon. We have no intima tion of the character of this wine; but as the pleasant smell of the grapes is noticed in Cant. ii :13, we may infer that the wine also had a fragrant scent. It has been generally regarded as the Chalybonium 212121011 of the ancients, and was sold at the marts of Tyre (Ezek. xxvii:t8). As Judah and Israel supplied this celebrated mart with 'wheat of Minnith and Pannag, and debhash, and oil, and balm,' so the Syrian wine of Helbon, as the choicest of the country, being carried to Damascus, would find its way hence to Tyre, and, through the Tyrians, become known to the Greeks and Romans.
15. The of Lebanon is remarked as mous for its fragrant scent (Hos. xiv :7). We understand 'grapes' to be meant here, but some of the wine made from them might also be odorifer ous. The twenty thousand bottles of wine which Solomon supplied to Hiram for the laborers in Lebanon (2 Chron. ii:m), was probably a thin weak drink, a species of oxos, sour wine, or khomets, a common drink in Syria. F. R. L.
FiguratiVe. (t) Wine of violence is that which is procured by oppression and robbery (Prov. iv :i7). (2) Wine of the condemned is that which is taken from, or procured at the expense of per sons unjustly condemned (Amos ii:8). (3) The outward comforts of a land are called wine, as these refresh and strengthen the inhabitants (Jer. xlviii :33; Hos. ii :rg) ; and their wine is mixed with water when their rulers, customs, ordi nances, and best people are much corrupted and weakened (Is. i :22). (4) The wine with which Babylon made the nations drunk was the judgments of God executed by the Chaldeans, or the idolatry and superstition into which they seduced them (Jer. Ii :7; Rev. xvii :2). (5) Wine is figurative of the blood of Christ (Matt. xxvi: 27-20 ; (6) of the blessings of the Gospel (Prov. ix :2, 5; Is. xxv:6; lv:r). (7) God's judgments on men, which stupify and madden them, are called wine; and red or strong wine; wine mixed with spices; wine without mixture of water ; and wine of astonishment (Jer, xxv :is; Ps. Ix :3, and lxxv :8; Rev. xiv:io).