SPECIAL APPARATUS.
Although good work is often done with a hand camera, a stand is recommended, and for most subjects of this description is indispensable. The camera should be provided with swing back and rising front, and a sliding movement of the camera body from back to front to allow the use of wide-angle lenses. A forward move ment of the back is distinctly preferable to a backward movement of the front, since the latter often results in a portion of the baseboard projecting into the field of view and cutting off part of the picture, when using wide-angle lenses. With large cameras a movement of both front and back is advisable to secure better bal ance on the tripod. The "Sanderson " camera (Fig. 746), which is specially de signed for architectural work, possesses many advantages. As will be seen, it permits a very large amount of rise, while the numerous fittings and adjustments this is not the case, these should be pur chased and carefully screwed on, using ! every precaution that they are accurately adjusted. Unless this is clone the results r obtained will be misleading, and a serious hindrance to exact work. Various pat
terns of levels and plumb indicators are shown by Figs. 750 to 755 inclusive. After fixing these, the apparatus should be tested, since even so slight a matter as an imperfectly fitting screw may cause incorrect readings. When special work has to be accomplished, and the necessary appliances are not at hand, the top of the camera may be levelled by placing on it . a small bullet or marble, and adjusting the apparatus until the former remains .
allow for every possible movement be tween the lens and the plate. Fig. 747 shows the camera arranged for wide-angle work, and gives a good idea of its re markable ingenuity and convenience of construction. This camera is now fitted with a new patent body, effectually prevents the bellows from " sagging " and cutting off part of the image when the front is much raised ; the principle of this contrivance will be understood by the interior view (Fig. 748). Another ex cellent camera for the ourpose is Lizars' " De Luxe," one pattern of which is shown by Fig. 740.