Tiie Illuminant Daylight
Tiie Illuminant-daylight. Ordinary Daylight, Especially That Re Flected From A White Cloud, Is To Be Preferred For General Microscopic Work, But Is Of Little Or No Use For Photo Micrography, Because It Has Not Suf Ficient Intensity. Direct Sunlight, How Ever, Is The Best Illuminant If It Can Be Depended ...
Tndia Tint Vignettes
Tndia-tint Vignettes. Light Greatly Influences The Shape Of The Vignette Unless Tissue Paper Is Used, Even With Diffused Daylight. It Is, However, A Fallacy To Suppose That If Tissue Paper Is Placed Over The Negative Printing May Take Place In The Sun, For It Will Be Found That A Shadow ...
Transferring
Transferring. For This Purpose A Large Basin Or Dish Should Be Used, Filled With The Above Borax Solution. The Plate, After Its Final Washing, Is Stood In A Rack For A Few Minutes To Drain Off The Surplus Moisture. The Penknife Is Then Very Carefully Passed Along The Fourth Edge ...
Treating Wrongly Exposed Plates
Treating Wrongly Exposed Plates. It Occasionally Happens, When Develop Ing On The Above System, That A Plate Will Turn Out To Be Under- Or Over-exposed. Over-exposure Makes Itself Evident By The Flashing Up Of The Image Immediately On The Application Of The Developer ; It Then Quickly Veils Over. In ...
Treating The Negative With
Treating The Negative With Matt Varnish. Assume That The Negative Is Too Thin From Under-development. Increasing The Density By Intensification Will Not Re Move Fogginess In The Shadows. It Is Therefore Decided To Slightly Intensify, To Follow This By Matt Varnishing, And Cutting Away The Shadows And Increasing The Lights. ...
Treatment Of Under And
Treatment Of Under- And Exposed Prints. No Amount Of Doctoring Of A Print After Exposure, At Any Stage Of Its Production, Can Equal One Which Has Been Exposed For The Correct Time. By The Use Of An Actino Meter, And Profiting By Experience, The Proportion Of Failures Should Be Small ...
Treatment Of The Landscape
Treatment Of The Landscape Negative. It Is Essential That The Print Of The Land Scape Negative Should Come Off With A Good Clean Space Representing The Sky, And To Ensure This It May Either Be Blocked Out With Black Varnish Or Shaded In Printing. The Latter Plan Is Preferable, As ...
Tue Dark Room Lamp
Tue Dark-room Lamp. It Is Better To Carry On The Operations Of Development By Artificial Light, For The Reason That Daylight Is Constantly Varying In Intensity, Thereby Making It Difficult To Secure Uniform Density In -a Series Of Nega Tives. It Is A Great Advantage If The Lamp Used For ...
Use Of Daylight Enlarging
Use Of Daylight Enlarging Apparatus. To Use The Apparatus, Proceed As Follows The Printing Frame With A Plate Or Paper. The Opening C Must Be Recessed Or Have A Beading To Prevent The Negative Falling Through. It Will Be Seen That, As There Is But A Slight Ad Justment Of ...
Using Meter In Dark
Using Meter In Dark Interiors. In The Majority Of Interiors, However, The Meter May Be Used By Remembering That The First Distinguishable Effect On The Paper Takes Place In Approximately One Sixteenth Of The Whole Time. It Is Then Merely Necessary To Place The Meter In The Position In Which ...
Variable
Variable Foci. The Telephoto Lens, As Already Stated, Possesses The Peculiar Advantage Of Giving Not Only One Focus, But Many, And The Means By Which This Property Is Obtained May Be Ex Plained As Follows : If A Plano-convex And A Plano-concave Lens Of The Same Kind Of Glass Be ...
Various Types Of
Various Types Of Pno.iecrlon Apparatus. A Remarkably Large Number Of Different Devices And Mechanical Movements Have Been Proposed From Time To Time For Projecting The Film. In Many Cases, Practically The Same Mechanism Is Used For Both Taking And Pro Jection, Or The Two Functions Are Sometimes Served By The ...
View Meters
View Meters. In Order To Avoid Unnecessarily Setting Up The Camera To See If A Given Stand Point Is Suitable, A View Meter Should Be Used. Several Forms Are Available, Per Haps The Simplest Being A Rectangular Wire Frame, The Size Of The Plate Employed, To One Side Of Which ...
Vignetting
Vignetting. The Method Used For Shading Away The Outer Portions Of A Picture Is Termed Vig Netting, And Was At One Time Practised Very Largely B All Photographers ; So Much So That Pie Es Which Included Head And Shoulders Oily Were Generally Called Vignettes. The Practice, However, Has Fallen ...
Vignetting Through The Camera
Vignetting Through The Camera. This Was A Method At One Time Much Practised, And Gives A Very Striking Result. The Advantage, However, Lies In Obtaining Softness While Preventing Too Much Spread Ing. In The Case Of Persons Wearing White Dresses The Effect Is Weird, Not To Say Hard ; But ...
Watkins Standard Exposuremeter
Watkins' " Standard " Exposure Meter. In Addition To A Simple Actinometer For Testing The Light, It Has A Chain Pendulum For Counting Seconds Or Half-seconds, Which May Be Used Either For Camera Exposure Or For Taking The Actinometer Time. The Cal Culating Numbers Are Set Out Upon Brass Rings ...
Weighing
Weighing. This Must Be Done With Extreme Accur Acy. The Rough Sort Of Weighing Practised By Many Photographers Is Only Likely To Lead To Disaster. A Chemical Balance, The Pattern Shown In Either Fig. 12s Or Fig. 129 Being Quite Suitable For This Purpose, Should Be Employed In Prefer Ence ...
Working By Artificial Light
Working By Artificial Light. The Best Form Of Apparatus For This Work Differs Only Qlightly Front That Described, For In It The Construction Usually Tends To Hardness Of Outline, If Is To Be Avoided Rather Than Otherwise. The Two Favourite Illuminants Are Incandescent Gas, With Which Tl,c Exposure Is Short ...
Working With Crayons
Working With Crayons. With The Introduction Of Bromide En Largements, And The Consequent Immediate Increase In The Demand For Enlargements Generally, Various Methods Of Rapidly Working Them Tip Were Suggested. Of These, The Most Popular Is The Air Brush Process, Described Later. A Method Of Finishing Which Has Found Considerable ...