A Cartilaginous Fishes

wings, heart, external, zoophytes and articulated

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According as the shell of the testace. ous molluscs consists of a single convo luted tube, or of two or more separate pieces, they are called cochlea: bivalves; multivalves, &c.

Crustacea possess a hard external co vering, and numerous articulated mem bers; a long nervous chord, beset with ganglia; compound eyes ; antennae and palpi like those of insects ; a heart and circulating vessels, and gills ; teeth in the cavity of the stomach.

1. Cancer, crab, lobster, crayfish, shrimp.

2. Monoculus.

Insects have articulated members and antennae. Those which fly are subject to what is called a metamorphosis ; they pass through certain intermediate states of existence before they assume the last or perfect form. From the egg proceeds the larva, or caterpillar : this changes to the chrysalis, nymphs, or aurelia, from which the perfect insect is produced ; nervous system consisting of a chord be set with ganglia; no heart nor blood-ves sels ; respiration carried on by means of tracheae.

Order I. Coleoptera ; having a hollow, horny case, under which the wings are folded. • 1. Scarabxus, beetles.

2. Lucanus, stag-beetle.

3. Dermestes. • 4. Coccinella, lady-bird.

5. Curculio, weevil.

6. Lampyris, glow-worm.

7. Meloe, Spanish-fly.

8. Staphylinus.

9. Forficula, earwig.

II. Hendptera ; four wings, either stretched straight out, or resting across each other.

1. Blatta, cockroach.

2. Gryllus, locust, grasshopper.

3. Fulgora, lantern-fly.

4. Cimex, bug, &c.

III. Lepidoptera ; soft hairy body, and four expanded wings.

1. Papilio, butterfly.

2. Sphinx, 3. phaixna moths_ IV. N'europtera ; four reticulated wings.

1. Libellula, dragon-fly.

2. Ephemera, &c.

V. Hymenoptera ; generally possessing a sting.

1. Vespa, wasp, hornet 2. Aspis, bee.

3. Formica, ant.

4. Termes, white ant.

5. Ichneumon, &c.

VI. Diptera ; two wings.

1. (Estrus, gad-fly.

2. Musca, common flies.

3. Culex, gnat, mosquito.

4. Hippobosca, horse-leech, &c VII. .Rpterh ; no wings.

1. Podura, springtail.

2. Pediculus, louse.

3. Pulex, flea, chigger.

4. Acarus, tick, mite.

5. Aranea, spider.

6. Scorpio, scorpion, &c.

The vermes may be divided into two orders ; the intestinal, which inha bit the bodies of other animals ; and the external.

The former are not of such a compli cated organization as the latter ; so that they are sometimes arranged among the zoophytes. The external worms have a nervous chord possessing ganglia, an elongated body composed of rings, and having no distinct head ; there are no members ; circulating vessels, but no heart ; no nerves have been discovered in the intestinal worms.

Order I. Intestine.

1. Gordius, guinea-worm.

2. Ascaris, thread-worm, round worrit 3. Tricocephalus.

4. Fasciola, fluke.

5. Taenia, tape-worm.

6. Hydatis,,hydatid.

H. Externi.

1. Aphrodite, sea-mouse.

2. Sipunculus.

3. Hirudo, leech.

4. Nereis.

5. Nais.

6. Planaria.

7. Lumbricus, earth. worm, &c.

The Zoophytes have neither brain nor serves; no heart, nor, perhaps, blood.ves ;els ; no articulated members.

Order. I. Echinodermata ; covered by a lard and tough coriaceous skirl.

1. Echinus, sea hedge-hog.

2. Asterias, star fish, &c.

IT. Soft or Gelatinous Zoophytes.

1. lkledusa, sea-blubber, sea net tles.

2. Actinia, sea-anemone.

3. Hydra, fresh water polype.

III. Infusoria, the animalcules of info lions.

1. Vorticella, wheel-animal.

2. Brachionus.

3. Vibrio, eel of vinegar.

4. Volvox.

5. Monas.

IV. Inhabitants of corals, corallines, sponges, &c.

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