To these remarks on a few of the grass es it may be added, that, in connection with soils, the principal grass plants have been thus arranged by one of the most distinguished agriculturists of the day.
Clay. Loam. Sand.
Cow grass White clover White clover Cock's-foot Rye Rye Dog's-tail York white York white Fescue Fescue Yarrow Fox-tail Fox-tail Burnet Oat grass Dog's-tail Trefoil Trefoil Poa Rib York white Timothy Timothy Yarrow Lucerne C/u;lk. Peat.
Yarrow White clover Burnet Dog's tail Trefoil Cock's-foot White clover Rib Sainfoin York white Rye Fox-tail Fescue Timothy.
Instruments and Operations of ilusbandry, The instruments used in husbandry are so numerous, and, under the same deno mination, often*) differently constructed, with a view to varieties of the same ope, ration, that it would be impossible, in a sketch like the present, to detail their structure and application. In the process for which they are respectively intend ed, every agriculturist will of coarse avail 'himself of those, the utility of which is best decided by experience.
, Ploughing• In almost all lands there is a fixed depth for the plough to go to, which is the stratum het wcen the fertile and 'infertile moulds. No soil should be ploughed be yond this bottom, or sole, which is the preservative on which the top layer should rest, and by which the manure laid up-. on the ground is prevented from losing its effect. In fidlowing land, therefore, the plough may go as deep as the fertile soil will allow, as also in breaking up land without paring and burning. When land is pared and burnt, it ought to be plough ed hi small furrows, and not so deep, as this depth of furrow would hazard the loss of the ashes for the immediate, and indeed for,the subsequent, crops. Where the sods are burnt in small heaps, and by slow tires, and the land ploughed shallow for the first time, and successively deep er and deeper, poor land will he more ef fectually benefited from itself than by any other mode ; and in proportion as land can he made to maintain or improve itself, the benefit to the farmer is obvious.
Instead of ploughing stubble into the land, it is far better to move the stubble, and even to harrow the land before it is followed. In soil of a poor quality, a cer
tain proportion should be observed be tween the depth of ploughing and the quantity of manure usually spread, which on better soils might he safely disregard ed. There are few, which not requi site to plough to the depth of six inches ; and for many, the depth of ten is by no means too great. Once in twelve or eighteen months it is highly desirable to plough to the full depth, while in the in terval shallower tillage will be preferable to deep working, for wheat particularly, which is best promoted by a firm bottom. A ploughing before harvest is of extreme consequence in fallowing, with respect to which seasonableness is of more conse quence than the numhen of earths given. When follows are called for, they should be attended with an observant eye, and be kept clean, whatever other business may press upon the husbandman's attention. On a well-managed farm, servants and cat tle will be kept sufficient for every neces sary operation. The practice of Mallows, however, is now abandoned in a variety of cases in which they were formerly deemed absolutely indispensable, and the well-informed agriculturist will seldom have recourse to them after his first year.
Harrowing is not only necessary fur cnvering' the seed, but also for preparing the land for its reception. The same instru ments, whatever be their form, cannot an swer the different purposes of this opera tion upon all soils, whether firm or loose, and rough or smooth. For everypurpose, however, and of whatev er size, they should be so constructed, that no tooth can fol low the track of' another, and that one should be constantly kept acting. The practice is best perforincd by har rowing a square piece of land at once, so that the instrument may be lifted at the corner, and the refhse stuff left there. The following harrows will thus have an opportunity of passing over every part of the land, and it will be completely cleaned from couch grass and all noxious weeds.