.ilfal/eaders, and sellenders, are scurfy eruptions about the knee, discharging a sharp ichor : they bear the first tion when within the front bending of the hock, the latter when they appear at the back of it. Wash with soap-suds, and apply the following : white vitriol, half a drachm ; sugar of lead, half a drachm ; tar one ounce ; mix, and rub in gently.
alinage, commonly arises from filth, or from poorness of condition, and is ex tremely infectious. Wash well with soap suds, and apply the following : common brimstone, levigated, eight ounces ; of alum and white vitriol each five drachms ; horse turpentine, three ounces ; lard, half a pound; mix, and rub frequently.
Pole evil, arises chiefly from friction of the collar at the back of the ears, or other such causes : it often forms a tumour, which must be brought forward, unless by blistering, &c. the fluid can be remov ed. Take care to open below the ab scess, else there will be danger of sinuses. The sore is often extremely difficult to heal, and requires much patience: it will, however, generally yield to cleanliness, and due discharge downwards, by means of a seton smeared with mild blistering ointment : this ought to be kept in until the cavity is grown up, and in a manner grasps the seton.
Quittors, commonly are produced by the lodgment of filth about the coronet and surrounding parts : they should never he burnt, as is often practised by com mon farriers ; but be kept very clean, and dressed twice daily with dijective oint ment. If carbuncles, or proud flesh, should arise, take them down by means of lunar caustic. These sores are usually very tedious; but should not be hurried, as they are apt to break out afresh, or to run among the bones of the foot, when prematurely dried. Wash frequently with soap-suds, and put pledgets of lint, steep ed in spirits of turpentine, until the sores appear clean and healthy.
Ring bone, is all exostosis, which partly surrounds the coronet : this, together with splents, curbs, bone-spavins, &c. may sometimes be cured by early attention ; but when suffered to stand long, cannot be removed except by absolute force, such as sawing or chisseling them off. A strong preparation of corresve sub limate, added to Spanish flies and Venice turpentine, and mixed with hog's lard, will often dissolve a ring bone, &c.; but much time is generally required .to cona _ plete a cure.
Stag-evil, is properly the tetarsus, or locked jaw. This is often caused by sud
den changes from heat to cold: generally speaking, the cure is very uncertain ; but it will chiefly depend on opium, the warm bath, and other antispasmodics. Some times the sudden application of cold wa ter in great quantities has been service able : friction of turpentine oil or spirits generally proves useful, as does a clyster lade with 2 oz. of spirit of hartshorn, 4 oz. of oil of turpentine, and the yolks of three or four eggs; mixed with a quart of strong ale and gin. It is a great object to promote urine, sweat, &c.
Staggers, or phrenzg, is supposed to be a variety of the sleepy staggers, vertigo, or lethargy; only that in this instance the pressure on the brain is extreme, and the animal rendered outrageous. The causes are various ; hut for the most part this distemper arises from the critical termi nation of some other inflammatory dis ease. Sometimes it proceeds from a sun stroke, and has been known to arise from the vicinity of putrid matter : being sud denly changed from poor food to rich nourishing diet is a very frequent cause. To eflect a cure, the horse should be bled copiously, from three to four quarts every eight hours, until the symptoms abate. Blister the head and neck with Spanish flies mixed in spirits of turpen tine, rake well, and administer a strong clyster, so as to excite considerable dis charge of excrement. Let the stables be very cool and be sprinkled with hot vinegar. If possible to get a bolus down, let the following be given : calomel two drachms, aloes six drachms, Castile soap two drachms, mixed with honey. Allow very little drink. In desperate cases sling the horse, and throw cold water over his head and neck.
Stones in the bladder have been re moved by cutting, the same as is prac tised when they form in the human blad der; but this is a very uncertain opera tion with cattle. When in the:6(1111es, stones may sometimes be brought down by strong diuretics ; but when so situat ed, the animal generally lingers a long time, and dies in great agony, perfectly emaciated. Horses also have stones oc casionally in the intestines, generally in the cwcum, or blind gut. These induce frequent colics, and as they grow occa sion much unfortunately we know not of any means for their expulsion, or fOr their dissolution. Mares have been known to void great quantities of small stones, like pebbles.