The knee of the head, or cutwater, re mains now to be described. Let it pro ject from the seating of the figure about 3 inches, which ipt 35 feet 6 inches a bove the upper side of the keel; then draw a line across to the hair bracket with the sheer, and continue the upper side Of the knee, or its cutting down, about 4 inches above, and parallel to the upper side of the tipper cheek. Observe, in shaping the fore part of the knee downwards, it be not too full, as it is then liable to rub the cable very much; there,. fore let it not project ; the fore side of the lower cheek only to have sufficient sub stance for the bobstay holes, which are 4 inches diameter. When the lower side of the lower cheek cuts the fore side of the stem, with a radius of 5 feet 4 inch es, sweep an arch, then draw a hand some serpentine line from its projection, at the seat of the figure, downwards, that may cut the back of the arch last drawn, and its breadth at the tipper water line, which is two feet before the stem at that place, continuing it downwards, nearer the stem, until it forms the gripe, which partakes of a circle of 4 feet radius as it approaches the fore end of the keel. Therefore let the keel be completed: its upper edge here is represented by the upper edge of the rabbit : but this is not the case in all ships ; for East India ships have the rabbit in the middle of the keel, as well as in the middle of the stem; but observe, all heights are set up above the line representing the upper edge of the rabbit, whether in the middle of the keel or upper edge. Set down 18 inches from the upper edge of the keel, and draw a straight line parallel thereto, which re presents the under edge of the main keel ; then below that set down 5 inches, and drawing another parallel line, the false keel will be likewise represented. To limit the foremost end of the keel, square up a line that shall intersect the fore side of the stem, leaving as much of the keel below the stem as it is deep in midships, at least from thence square a line across the stem, and it will limit the fore foot; and the keel must there be that depth at least, to receive the lower part of the stem, which boxes into it with a scarph, as follows: set off from the fore end of the keel 6 feet 6 inches, the length the stem scarphs into the keel; and that the stem, by keeping its mould ed breadth, should not wound the keel too much at its lower edge, let the under side of the stem be cut off parallel with the under side of the keel two feet from its after end. The false keel may pro ject the main keel about three inches, to which the lower part of the gripe will unite, and be limited by the fore foot.
The scale which is drawn between the keel and half breadth plan we shall here describe, and very briefly, as most draughtsmen are acquainted with scales of this kind. Shipping draughts, in ge• neral, are drawn by a scale of one-fourth of an inch to every foot, in the length on the gun-deck, or between the perpendi culars; and the inches, at each end, di vided into twelve parts, by seven lines drawn parallel to each other between the under side of the keel and the main half breadth, and one foot, or division at each end, beyond the perpendiculars, are di vided each way in the middle by two dia gonal lines, which produce 12 equal parts, or inches. Sometimes this scale is con structed with five lines, and the foot at each end divided into inches by three equal diagonal divisions : the thick, dark line, representing the under side of the keel, is generally continued round the scale by way of ornament.
Now, to proceed to finish the stem, quarter-galleries, Ike, first draw in the aft side of the quarter-piece at the outside, which you will find, by the rounding of the stern, to come 13 inches before the upper counter knuckle of the side stern timber, setting it off as before directed ; then draw a line with pencil, for the pre sent, parallel to the side stern timber up wards, as the projection of the outside of the quarter gallery is nearly parallel to the side, except towards the upper pink of the quarter-piece. Then draw the pro
jection of the upper counter rail at the knuckle of the middle stern timber, thus: draw a line, 24 inches parallel, abaft the upper counter at the middle, which will represent the thickness of the plank of the upper counter; then draw the under side of the rail square from the upper counter, and to project enough to bury the plank in a rabbit: from thence set up 8 inches, the breadth of the rail, and to intersect it set off 7 inches, its thickness, drawing the upper side to the sheer; then from this projection draw lines parallel to the knuckles, till they intersect the line drawn for the aft side of the quarter piece; thus the round up of the aft side of the upper counter rail will be repre sentedin the sheer plan. From the in tersection ofthe upper side of the upper counter rail with the aft side of the quar ter-piece draw a straight line forwards, parallel with the sheer, or top-timber line, and that will represent the upper edge of the lower gallery rim : upon that line set off before the quarter piece 16 feet 9 inches, the length of it on the then the under side of the rim will be shown by a line drawn parallel to 8 inches below it.
In the same manner draw a section of the lower counter rail its under side to be square from the knuckle of the lower counter at the middle stern timber, and to project enough to bury the plank of the lower counter, the thickness of which will be represented by drawing a line to 4 inches parallel, abaft the lower counter, at the middle ; from thence set up the breadth of it, which is 84 inches, and thereto project 8 inches, its thickness ; from thence draw lines parallel to the knuckles of the lower counter to the counter at the side, drawn parallel, what the quarter piece projects, or as much as the lower counter rail rounds forward at the outside ; then draw a line 2 feet 10 inches below and parallel to the upper side of the lower gallery rim, and another likewise 84 inches below it, and that will show the tower counter rail, as continued round the quarters, called the lower stool rail; set off from the aft side 13 feet, the length of this rail on the quarter. Then draw in the lower finishing, which should be as light and airy as possible: and first set down 10 inches below the rail last drawn, and draw a line parallel thereto; and another also 4 inches below it, which is the thickness of the stool. Draw a line parallel to the rake of the quarter piece, at 7 feet 11 inches, set off square before it, and this will give the rake of the quarter in the middle of the lower galle ry, and likewise the middle of the lower finishing. Set down 13 inches below the stool, and in the direction on the line last drawn; then draw a handsome serpen tine line from the underside of the lower counter rail at the side, through the spot last set off, confirming it upwards nearly to the fore end of the lower stool rail, the lower finishing will be completed; and then draw a curve 4 inches abaft, and parallel to the lower counter at the side, and the stern will be finished below the lower gallery rim.