Fraudulent productions and salcs.—No one may lawfully do or cause to be done any of certain specified acts. Thus no name, initials, or monogram, may be fraudulently signed or otherwise affixed to or upon any painting, drawing, or photograph, or negative. And no one may fraudulently sell, publish, exhibit, or dispose of, or offer for sale, exhibition, or distribution any painting, drawing, or photograph, or negative of a photograph, having thereon the name, initials, or monogram of a person who did not execute or make the work. Likewise no one may fraudulently utter, dispose of, or put off, or cause to be uttered or disposed of, a copy or colourable imitation of a painting, drawing, or photograph, or negative of a photograph, whether there is a subsisting copyright therein or not, as having been made or exe cuted by the author or maker of the original work front which the copy or imitation has been taken. And it may happen that such an author or maker has sold or otherwise parted with the possession of his work and some other person has afterwards made an addition or alteration thereto. In such a case no one may. during the life of the author or maker, without his consent, make or knowingly sell or publish, or offer for sale, that work or any copies thereof so altered, or any part thereof, as and for the unaltered work of the author or maker. An offender in any of the foregoing respects will, upon conviction, forfeit to the person aggrieved a sum not exceeding £10, or not exceeding double the full price, if any, at which all the copies, engravings, imitations, or altered works have been sold or offered for sale. All such copies, &c., will also be forfeited to the person (or his assignees or legal representatives) whose name, initials, or monogram, have been fraudulently sighed or affixed thereto, or to whom such spurious or altered work has been fraudulently ascribed. But these penalties are not incurred unless such
author or maker has been living at or within twenty years next before the time when the offence may have been committed.
The importation of such pirated works is expressly prohibited. Persons aggrieved by infringement of or fraudulent dealing with works in which they have a copyright, are entitled to obtain an injunction, and can also recover damages.
Engravings were, until the Copyright Act of 1911, the subject, with regard to the copyright therein, of certain statutes of George II. and III., William IV., and Victoria. The term " engraving " included any engraved print, etching, mezzotint, or lithograph ; but, for the purpose of copyright, it did not include a map or an illustration in a book, for such productions were protected by literary copyright. Twenty-eight years constituted the term of protection afforded to engravings, and registration was not, in this connection, a condition precedent to legal proceedings. In order to acquire the protection an engraving was required to be executed in Great Britain, and on each impression thereof there had to appear, as a part of the original impression, the name of the proprietor. The copyright belongs primarily either to the inventor or designer, or to the engraver or the person who has caused the print to be executed. It does not matter for this purpose whether the design is original or not. The Act of 1911 should now be referred to.