The state receipts for the year ending. Sept., 1818, were $718,228; the state debt in that year, $9,452,669. In 1870 there were In the state 2188 manufacturing establishments, which produced goods to the value of $13,040,644. The most important manufactures were those of flouring-mill products and cotton goods: 102 establishments, producing goods worth $1,670,332, being engaged in the former; and 13 establishments, with products valued at $1,038,767, in time latter. Among the other manufactures are machinery, iron, sawed lumber, carriages, and wagons, besides the " neighborhood indus tries" of boot and shoe making, blacksmith's work, carpentering, etc.
In 1875 there were in A. 1856 m. of railroad completed, and several hundreds in course of construction. The commerce of A is very extensive; for the steamboat navi gation on her rivers, 1500 m. in all, affords an outlet not only for her own productions, but also for those of Mississippi and Georgia.
Education is progressing satisfactorily in A. In 1870 there were 10 colleges. 2812 public schools, and 147 academies and other schools. The number of pupils attending school was 75,866. The annual income of the state university, located at Tuscaloosa, is 05,000. The newspaper and periodical literature, as everywhere else in America, is very prolific. There are 89 publications of different kinds. The annual number of copies issued is 9,198,980, with a circulation of 91,165: of which the daily papers have 16,420, and the weekly 71,175. Religious denominations exhibit a similar fecundity; but the _Baptists and Methodists have a vast preponderance over the others. There are various
public institutions in A., such as a lunatic asylum at Tuscaloosa, a blind asylum at Mobile, deaf and dumb asylum, and a state penitentiary at Wetumpka: The buildings of A. university are very fine, and cost $150,000. In 1870 there were 298 libraries, with 86,577 Tolumes, in the state.
A. was one of the slave-states. Its government resembles that of the other states in its general features. The senate consists of 33 members, elected for 4 years ; and the house.of representatives of 100, elected for 2, both by the people. The judiciary consists of a supreme court, a court of chancery, nine circuit courts, and the city court of Mobile. The preponderance of the farming interests is very remarkable ; though, of course, extremely natural, and even inevitable. While grocers, shoemakers, engineers, wheelwrights, masons, etc., are reckoned only by the hundred, there are upwards of 66,000 farmers— that is, more than eight times the number of persons employed in manufacturing estab lishments throughout the state. After the war the government became provisional. In 1868 A. acceeded to the demands of congress, and the direction of state affairs was restored to the civil powers. Of its population of 996,992 in 1S70, only about 9000 were born in Europe, and of these half were Irish. The commercial metropolis is Mobile: pop. '70, 32,030; hut the state metropolis is Montgomery: pop. 10,588. The other chief towns are Huntsville, 4907; Selma, 6484; and Marion.