ANDRASSY, GruLA, Count, b. 1823; of an old and noble Hungarian family. Ile was in the Presburg diet, 1847-48; lord-lieutenant of Zemplen co.; and led the militia against the Austrians. He was Hungarian envoy to Turkey, and, 1849-57, an exile in France and England. Returning home, he was a member of the diet in 1831, and its vice-president 1865-00. After the recognition of Hungary as a part of the Austrian empire, Deak procured the appointment of A. as prime minister Feb. 17, 1867, and he led a popular and reforming administration, working for the political emancipation of the Jews and against the temporal power of the pope. He succeeded count Ileust, Nov. 9, 1871, as minister of foreign affairs, holding the place until Aug. 18, 1879, when his resignation was accepted.
A.NDItg, Joux, an unfortunate soldier, who met his death under circumstances which have given his name a place in history, was b. in London, in 1751, of Genevese parents. At the age of 20, he entered the army, and soon after joined the British forces in America, where, in a few years, through the favor of Sir Henry Clinton, he was promoted to the important post of adjutant-general, with the rank of major.
Sir Henry Clinton being in treaty with the American gen. Arnold, who commanded the fortress of West Point, for the betrayal to the British of the fortress, with its maga zines, including the whole stock of powder of the American army, confided the conduct of the correspondence on his part to Major A. The secret correspondence was con ducted by Arnold and A. under assumed names, and as if it related to commercial affairs; and the treachery was so well concealed, that the Americans bad no suspicion whatever of Arnold's fidelity. At last it remained only to settle the time and means of carrying the scheme into execution; and these, it was determined, should be settled in a personal interview between Arnold and A., either because Arnold required such an interview, or, more probaLly, because Clinton had some misgivings as to the identity of his correspondent. Various projects to bring about the interview having failed, A., at last, on the 20th Sept., 1780, proceeded in a British sloop of war—the Vulture—up the Hudson nearly to the American lines. The original design was to have met under
cover of a flag of truce, on the pretense of effecting some arrangement as to the seques trated property of a col. Robinson, a loyalist gentleman who accompanied A., and whose house was at the time Arnold's headquarters; but this design had to be abandoned, and Arnold was obliged to contrive a secret interview. On the night of the 21st Sept., he prevailed on a Mr. Smith, who lived within the American lines, to go to the Vulture with a packet for col. Robinson. Smith went, and returned with A., who passed under the assumed name of Anderson. Arnold met him on the shore, where they conferred some time, after which they went within the lines to Smith's house, and tAere spent the rest of the night and part of the next day arranging the details of their plan for the treacher ous surprisal of West Point. 'The attack was fixed for the day when the return of gen. Washington was expected; and there is reason for thinking that part of Arnold's scheme was, if possible, to betray Washington also into the hands of the enemy.
Early on the morning of the 22d Sept., a gun was brought to bear on the Vulture, and obliged her to fall down the river so far that A. could not prevail on the boatmen to take him to her, and so was forced to make his way by laud to the English lines in a disguise furnished by Smith, and provided with a pass from the general. A. actually got safely within sight of the English lines, when lie was stopped and taken prisoner by three American militia-men, to whom, mistaking them for British, he inadvertently revealed the fact that he was a British officer. 1113 captors, on searching him, having discovered concealed in his stockings the plans of West Point and other papers connected with the proposed treachery, which he was bearing.from Arnold to Clinton, carried him as a spy to a col. Jamieson, who, not suspecting anything, was for sending him on to Arnold. Here a chance of escape opened for him, hut only for a moment. He was ultimately sent, with the papers found on his person, to gen. Washington. Jamieson, meantime, having sent word to Arnold of the capture of A., Arnold fled to the Vulture, and so saved his life.