ANGORA, the Ane'ra of the ancients, capital of the Turkish vilayet of the same name, in the nmuntamous interior of Asia Minor, and distant from Constantinople about 220 m. e.s.e. It is said to have been built by Midas, the son of the Phrygian Gor dius; was a flourishing city under the Persians; became the capital of the Gallic Tecto sages, who settled in Asia Minor about 277 B.C. was a principal seat of eastern trade under the Romans; and was made the capital of the Roman province of Galatia Prima. It was the seat of one of the early churches of Galatia, and the scene of two Christian councils held respectively in 314 and 358. A decisive battle between the Turks and Tartars was fought near A. in 1402, in which Timm- defeated and took prisoner the sul tan Bajazet I. A temple of white marble was erected by the citizens of Ancyra to the emperor Augustus, who had greatly beautified the city, and his deeds were recorded in inscriptions upon a number of tablets and the columns of an altar. These inscriptions, the Monumentum Ancyranum, discovered by Busberg in 1553, are important for the elucidation of ancient history. They were first printed in Schott's edition of Aurelius
Victor (Antw.1579), and have recently been edited with notes by Franz and Zumpt (Berl. 1845). The present A. is said to contain not more than 40,000 inhabitants, of whom one third are Armenians. It is famous for its breed of goats, with beautiful silky hair, 8 in. long. Of this goat hair, a kind of yarn is made, known as Turkish yarn or camel yarn, and of wideh also a manufacture of caralets is extensively carried on in A. itself. The name camel yarn has led to mistakes; it has no reference to the camel, but is derived from the Arabic word chamal, fine. Of the skin of the A. goat, the fine oriental Morocco leather is made. Many of the animals in this region are characterized by the length and softness of their hair, especially the dogs, rabbits, cats, etc. This peculiarity seems to depend upon the climate. and soon disappears in Europe.