In 1656, the war with the Jesuits was renewed—not, however, by A. in person. An Unknown knight with closed visor had ridden into the lists—the great Pascal. Under the non de plume of Louis de Montalto, he discharged his scorpion wit against the Jesuits for about a year and a half in the Provincial Letters. A. furnished him with materials; hut, in 1658, lie.4.4xik the field in propria persona, by publishing his Oing Ecrits en famur des CILTS3 deParis contre les Casuistes relaches. In 1662 appeared La Nourelle Heresie (of the Jesuits); in41669, the first volume of his Morale Pratique (of the Jesuits), the last of which was not published until the year of his death.
A., who was a sincere Catholic after his fashion, next had a theological controversy, properly so called, with the reformed minister Claude, the consequence of which was his volume Du Renversement de la Morale de J. C. par la Doctrine des Calrinistes touchant in Ju-stification (16,72). In 1675, he returned to the subject in his lmpiete de in Morale des Calvinistss. Some years previous to this, A. had enjoyed the peace of Clement IX., which put a stop for the time to the Jansenist controversy. He had been presented to the papal minds) and to the grand monarque, both of whom flattered him highly; but the Jesuits, who could not breathe freely in his presence, used their utmost efforts to prejudice Louis against him, and at last the king issued an order for his arrest. A. hid
himself for some time, but finally withdrew into Belgium. He felt his exile keenly, though honored by many learned and influential persons, and could not rest iu one city, but wandered from place to place, ever displaying the same astonishing vigor of mind and the same polemical tendency. It is strange that this man, who was celebrated amongst his friends for equanimity and gentleness of heart, should have been so bitter in his controversies, even with his friends, for he wrote not against his enemies only, but against Pascal, Domat, Nicole, his protector, pope Innocent XI., and his old friend pere Malebranche. So earnest was lie for the truth—which earnestness had no doubt been greatly intensified by persecution and controversy—that he could never thoroughly realize the idea that there might be truth on the other side also. Ile d. at Brussels, 8th Aug., 1694. His works, which amount to upwards of 100 volumes, were published at Paris, 1775-83.