ARTILLERY. The various meanings given to this word render it desirable that the reader should know under what headings hi the _Encyclopedia to look for information on the subject. Sometimes A. means large cannon or ordnance of every kind; sometimes it includes the shot and shell as well as the cannon ; sometimes it applies to the soldiers, officers and men, who manage the large cannon in military battles and sieges; some times it designates the soldiers as well as the cannon, the personnel as well as the materiel. In the present work, the large pieces of ordnance, as a class, are described under CAN NON; while the specialties of each kind will be found briefly noticed under such head ings as CARRON:WE, Howrrztm, GUN, MORTAR, SHELL-GUN, etc.; and in sonic cases under the names of the inventors, as ARMSTRONG GUN, LANCASTER GUN, etc. By this arrangement we shall be enabled to confine the word A. to such articles as relate more
especially to the personnel of the service—the skilled soldiers who have to deal with large pieces of ordance in land-warfare. It may, however, be well here to explain that the term Equipment of A. is applied to a combination of men, materiel, and horses, suitable for coast-defenses, sieges, or the arming of fortified posts. There are several kinds of equipments of light A., under the names of horse, field, rocket, mountain, and reserve; and others of heavy A., for the attack and defense of coasts and fortified places. These various equipments are generally divided into smaller collections called batteries (q.v.), for more easy control and maneuvering. Brief explanations will be found under nearly all the names here indicated. See WAR-SERVICES.