ARNDT, ERNST Montw, professor in the university of Bonn, and for half a century one of the leading political writers of Germany, was b. in the island of Rrigen in 1769. He gave up the clerical profession, for which he was at first intended, and, after,) raveling over great part of Europe, became, in 1806, professor of history in Greifswald. Here, among other writings, lie published his History of Serfdom in Pomerania, for which lie was formally denounced and accused by several nobles. In his Spirit of the Times (Altenb., 1807), lie attacked Napoleon with such boldness, that, after the battle of Jena, he had to take refuge in Stockholm. Returning under a feigned name, lie resumed his functions at Greifswald in 1810; but war becoming imminent, lie resigned the following year, and became an active co-operator with the minister Von Stein, and other patriots, in throwing off the foreign yoke. His numerous fugitive writings, full of energy and fire, contributed not a little to rouse and sustain the spirit of Germany for the war of liberation. His best poems belong to this period, and several of them have become national songs. (A new selection, Leip., 1850.) His song, What is the German's Father land? is sung wherever German is spoken. In 1818, lie was made professor of modern
history in the new university of Bonn, but became involved in 1819 in the prosecutions for what were called "demagogic movements," and was suspended. Though acquitted on trial. he was made to retire, retaining his salary. After twenty years' suspension, lie was restored in 1840. His writings are numerous: we may mention his Bachreibung and Gesehiehte der Sehottland. Inseln, etc. (Leip., 1826); a collection of his fugitive Sehriften far and art main (3 vols., Leip., 1845); and Erinnerungen aus deny aussern Leben (3d ed., Leip., 1842). He was elected a member of the German national assembly in 1848, but seceded from it with the whole Gagern (q.v) party iu 1849. He powerfully supported the party who advocated a constitutional hereditary monarchy, and took a prominent part in the appointment of the archduke John as regent, and iu the fruitless deputation to Berlin to offer the empire to the king of Prussia. Atter the dissolution of the Frankfort assembly, A. did not cease in his fugitive writings to advocate the views of the German national party. He d. 29th Jan., 1860.