APA'PI, MICHAEL I., Prince of Transylvania, was b. in 1632, of an old hut decayed family. He accompanied prince George II. in an expedition against the Poles in 1656, hut was taken prisoner at the irruption of the Tatar hordes under their khan, Mohammed (Ural. After his release, he went and lived for a short time at his paternal estate; but in 1661 he was chosen prince of Transylvania, at the instigation or desire of All Pasha, generalissimo of the Turkish forces under sultan Mahmoud IV. During the peace con cluded with Austria, he reigned peaceably under the protection of the Porte, and acquired the towns of Clausenburg and Rathmar. He remained faithful to the Ottoman power till the siege of Vienna in 1683. Fortune then changed. The imperial troops penetrated into the country; and on the 12th of Aug., 1687, A. made a treaty with the emperor at Ilarkany, by which Transylvania was declared to be freed " forever" from Turkish suzerainty, and placed under German protection. At Fogaras, on the 1st of July 1688, the Transylvanian deputies assembled at the national diet, took the oath of fealty ' to the Hapsburgs as legitimate monarchs of Hungary. Ever since the death of his wife,
Anna Bornemitia, in 1688, A. had been sorely afflicted both in body and mind, and died (April 15, 1690) on the eve of a fierce retributive war, commenced by his old allies, the Turks, who considered themselves ill used by his desertion of them. His son, :Michael II., succeeded to the throne and its perils. The Turks, under the vizier Cuprigli, over threw the imperial army, and took several places, such as Nissa, Widdin, Semendria, Belgrade, etc.; but the intestine troubles of the Ottoman empire hindered them, or rather count Tekeli, the adventurer whom they were helping, from retaining these towns. The imperial troops subsequently regained everything; and at length the young Transyl vanian prince was inveigled to Vienna, and cajoled into giving up his dominions to Austria in lieu of a pension of 12,000 or 15,000 florins. He died in 1713.